• At the more immediate level (the district/neighbourhood scale) – dealingwith the creation of suitable microclimates within urban spaces and themanner with which built structures and urban spaces work together asan environmental system. The creation of local distinctiveness withinneighbourhoods is also a key aspect, as long as they are nonethelessdesigned with good connections to the rest of the urban fabric, asopposed to disconnected, inward-looking enclaves.• At the architectural level (the building scale) – dealing with sustainablerehabilitation of the built fabric (increasingly becoming a pressing needwhen considering the amount of vacant building stock that is availablefor potential re-use and re-adaptation); integrated energy conservationmeasures in new-build and retrofitting (geared towards achieving theEU’s 2020 objective for nearly zero-energy buildings); and seekingtangible measures to redesign user behaviour and combat fuel poverty(moving beyond the attainment of quan
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