It is desirable to use as much of the available capacity in a network as possible butstill react to congestion in a controlled and fair manner. This is the purpose ofexplicit congestion avoidance techniques. In general terms, for explicit congestionavoidance, the network alerts end systems to growing congestion within the networkand the end systems take steps to reduce the offered load to the network.Typically, explicit congestion control techniques operate over connection-oriented networks and control the flow of packets over individual connections. Explicitcongestion signaling approaches can work in one of two directions:
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