MathematicsIncluded in Table P.3 is a list of mathematical notation, and its meaning.Notation MeaningN The set of natural numbersZ The set of integersQ The set of rational numbersR The set of real numbersC The set of complex numbers log x The natural logarithm of x logb x The logarithm of x (base b) sin x The sine function applied to xsinn x The nth power of the sine function applied to x. That is (sin x)n. sin−1 x The inverse-sine function applied to xarcsin x The inverse-sine function applied to xcos x The cosine function applied to xcosn x The nth power of the cosine function applied to x. That is (cos x)n. cos−1 x The inverse-cosine function applied to xarccos x The inverse-cosine function applied to xTable P.3 Mathematical Notation xvi Conventions and NotationNote: In the case of the log, sin, cos, and similar functions, if there is any ambiguity as to what the function in question is and is not to be applied to, then parentheses or brackets are used to make it clear. For example 2 + sin(3x + 1).
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