In order to understand why gold can inhibit the deep hydrogenation
of the gas-phase butene to butane, Liu et al.65 studied
the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation using density functional theory
(DFT) calculations. They found that Au+ on ZrO2 is the
catalytically active species, which is produced from Au3+ by insitu
reduction, Figure 4. The oxides not only stabilized Au
monomers as the solution does in homogeneous catalysis but
can also act as catalysts that provide additional reaction sites.
Moreover, they proved that the deep hydrogenation of gas-phase
butene to butane becomes kinetically unlikely due to the high
kinetic energy barrier.
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