1.1 INTRODUCTIONAlthough not often thought of as a commodity (or, for thatmatter, not thought about at all), water is a commodity —a very valuable commodity. In this text, it is our positionthat with the passage of time, potable water will becomeeven more valuable. Moreover, with the passage of evenmore time, potable water will be even more valuable thanwe might imagine. It may be possibly comparable in pricing,gallon for gallon, to what we pay for gasoline, or evenmore.Earth was originally allotted a finite amount of water —we have no more or no less than that original allotmenttoday. It logically follows that, in order to sustain life aswe know it, we must do everything we can to preserveand protect our water supply. We also must purify andreuse the water we presently waste (i.e., wastewater).1.2 THE PARADIGM SHIFTHistorically, the purpose of water supply systems has beento provide pleasant drinking water that is free of diseaseorganisms and toxic substances. In addition, the purposeof wastewater treatment has been to protect the health andwell being of our communities. Water and wastewatertreatment operations have accomplished this goal by(1) prevention of disease and nuisance conditions;(2) avoidance of contamination of water supplies and navigablewaters; (3) maintenance of clean water for survivalof fish, bathing, and recreation; and (4) generally conservationof water quality for future use.Mục đích của hệ thống cung cấp nước và xử lý nước thảiquá trình điều trị đã không thay đổi. Tuy nhiên, chủ yếudo quy định mới của các mô hình đã chuyển.Chúng bao gồm
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