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5. INSTALLATIONThe keys to successf
5. INSTALLATION
The keys to successful concrete, whether colored or not, include consistency in materials and craftsmanship and careful planning and detailing of the project. Follow industry standards for high quality architectural concrete work and observe the following recommendations.
Concrete Mix Design:
Determine pigment number and pigment dosage rate from the Davis color card. Custom shades are made by varying the amount of color added to the mix. Typical dosage rates range from one to five pounds of Davis Colors per 94 pound sack (1 cu. ft.) of cement content. (With metric mix designs, typical dosage rates range from one to five percent of cement content.) Maximum dosage rate of color should not exceed 10% of weight of cement content. Cement content includes portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, lime and other cementitious materials but not aggregate or sand. Use the same pigment-to-cement ratio for each mix design on a job.
For consistent color throughout a job, each component of the concrete should be from a single source, uniform in color, and consistently proportioned. Maintain 5" (13 cm) maximum slump unless otherwise specified. If higher slump is required, use water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures instead of added water. A low water water-cement ratio minimizes shrinkage and cracking, maximizes hardness and promotes a richer, darker concrete color. Adding water causes concrete to pale or "wash out". Schedule deliveries for consistent mixing times for each load. Clean mixer thoroughly before batching colored concrete and after pour to prevent color carry-over.
Davis Colors in Mix-Ready bags may be used in combination with vinsol resin-type air-entraining agents, water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures, and reinforcing fibers. They are expected to be compatible with other commercially available admixtures but have not been tested with all admixtures and mix designs.
Mix-Ready bags have no negative effect on typical concrete mix designs when used at recommended dosage rates. At high addition rates, they have a slight water-reducing effect which can improve workability by slightly increasing slump. However, this is not the intended use for Mix-Ready bags. Use the lowest number of bags required for the batch.
The pure pigments in Davis Colors are not blended with the fillers, additives or admixtures used in some other brands of concrete colors. Pre-blended admixtures, sometimes called "color-conditioned" admixtures, add unnecessary expense and could be incompatible with the concrete mix specified for a particular project. Instead of pre-blended admixtures, Davis Colors recommends using admixtures which are stocked by and familiar to the concrete producers in your area. These admixtures will have a proven performance record with the concrete producer's materials and can be mixed separately, as required, into the concrete batch.
Adding Davis Colors:
Read label on Mix-Ready bags. Make sure the pigment number and amount added to mixer matches the batch ticket or mix design.
Standard Method:
Batch mixer truck with at least three cubic yards of concrete.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for at least 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Alternate Method:
Use if satisfactory results are not obtained with standard method.
First, wet mixer drum with approximately 1/2 to 2/3 of total batch water and some of the aggregate.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for one or two minutes to break bags and disperse pigment.
Add cement and remaining aggregate and batch water. Continue mixing at charging speed for 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Notice:
In mixes with small aggregate, dry low-slump mixes, or batches with short mixing duration, bags may not completely disintegrate. With sand-blasted or mechanically-exposed aggregate finishes, use smaller bag sizes (15 lbs. maximum) to reduce possibility that small pieces of bag could be exposed.
Mock-Up:
Provide mock-up to establish that proposed materials and construction techniques provide acceptable visual effect. Construct at least one month before start of concrete work to allow concrete to cure before final inspection. Materials used for mock-up should be those proposed for actual construction; retain samples of cement and aggregates used.
Pick a section or sections of building which typify the most difficult areas to build. Include full allocation of reinforcing steel to be used in project. Erect forming that consists of all formed conditions in project. Use the same placement and finishing techniques that will be used in project. Include repaired areas to demonstrate the color and texture of patching materials.
Formwork:
Design forms to prevent pillowing and deflection of forms.
Steel and high density overlaid plywood forms and plastic formliners are recommended. Avoid porous form materials. Lumber forms can affect color of concrete surface through variation in absorption of different portions of the board unless sealed with a non-porous coating.
Release agents should be non-staining.
Specify tight joints; surface blemishes occur when water containing cement is allowed to leak from forms. Seal joints with tape or foam rubber to avoid leakage. Forms must be secured against the previous pour and sealed to prevent leakage. Multiple horizontal pours should also have tight fitting forms, sealed against the previous pours. In multiple lift vertical pours, rustication strips are recommended.
Form ties manufactured from fiberglass rods are available in colors to match Davis Colors. When ground flush with wall, they are rust-proof and virtually invisible, and reduce the need to plug and patch recesses for formwork ties.
Placing Concrete:
Place in accordance with ACI-301. Keep concrete temperature consistent. Temperatures between 65 degrees and 85 degrees F (18 to 29 C) will normally produce more uniform color. Schedule trucks to arrive just before concrete is required. Deposit concrete in lifts 12" to 18" (300 to 460 mm) thick. Layers should be fairly level so that vibrator does not need to move the concrete laterally. Insert vibrator at about 18" (460 mm) on center depending on concrete mix and vibrator used. Vibrator should penetrate at least 6" (150 mm) into preceding layer. Do not over vibrate.
Form Removal:
Remove forms in accordance with ACI-347. Different color hues may be expected between two surfaces where adjacent formwork is stripped at different ages.
Curing:
Use only curing compounds specifically recommended for colored concrete. Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal' allows the natural appearance of concrete to show. Davis Colors Color Seal II' covers concrete with a thin colored coating, creating a more uniform appearance. Curing with water, membranes, or non-approved compounds can discolor concrete.
Finishes for Slabs:
Concrete can be finished with a variety of attractive finishes, including broomed, swirled, troweled, rock salt pocked, exposed aggregate, sandblasted, or pattern stamped.A separate product data sheet, available from Davis Colors, has more information about finishes for slabs.
Texturing:
Textured surfaces produce more uniform looking concrete than smooth formed surface. Sandblasting, high pressure water jet, bushhammering, and surface retarders can be used to expose the fine or coarse aggregate. Sandblasted finishes can be brush, light medium or heavy depending on texture desired. If retarders are used, exercise caution and follow manufacturer's instructions explicitly.
Water Repellants:
The use of a high quality sealer or water repellant treatment may help preserve the beauty of colored concrete by reducing efflorescence and staining. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
Patching Colored Concrete:
Fill holes and defects in concrete surface within a few days after form removal. This allows patches and surrounding concrete to age together and reduces the possibility of color variations. Use the same patching materials and techniques that were approved on mock-up.
Make patches with materials from the same sources as the concrete. Because the stiff mortar used for patching typically has a lower water/cement ratio than the rest of the concrete, it will normally dry darker. To overcome this, white cement should be added to the mortar mix. Determine mix proportions by trial and error; a good starting mix is 3 parts sand, 1 part gray cement, and 1 part white cement. Add enough color to create the same color/cement mix rate used on the job, but the white cement used to lighten the patch should not be included when figuring the color/cement mix rate for patching. If necessary, add aggregate to mortar mix so patches will have the same texture and appearance as adjacent concrete.
Precautions:
Color of cured concrete can vary from color cards or samples due to differences in mix water content; forming, finishing and curing methods; weather conditions; and variations in base color of cement or other concrete materials. As with all natural materials, minor variations in appearance are an accepted feature of concrete, both colored and uncolored.
Observe industry practices for quality concrete. Check a test batch to see if it meets specifications before finalizing mix design. Sample concrete throughout pour to assure it meets specifications.
Efflorescence, a salt deposit that forms a white stain on concrete, can be particularly objectionable on colored concrete. Reduce efflorescence by using a low water-cement ratio, using curing compound, and designing concrete mix for less permeability. Seal concrete against water penetration and leaks. Keep de-icing salts away from slabs which are not fully cured. Remove efflorescence as soon as possible. If removal is delayed, deposits convert to calcium carbonate which is removed with a dilute acid wash that will affect the surface appearance.
Davis Colors are not hazardous and are non-toxic if accidentally ingested. Protect against breathing dust and cont
The keys to successful concrete, whether colored or not, include consistency in materials and craftsmanship and careful planning and detailing of the project. Follow industry standards for high quality architectural concrete work and observe the following recommendations.
Concrete Mix Design:
Determine pigment number and pigment dosage rate from the Davis color card. Custom shades are made by varying the amount of color added to the mix. Typical dosage rates range from one to five pounds of Davis Colors per 94 pound sack (1 cu. ft.) of cement content. (With metric mix designs, typical dosage rates range from one to five percent of cement content.) Maximum dosage rate of color should not exceed 10% of weight of cement content. Cement content includes portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, lime and other cementitious materials but not aggregate or sand. Use the same pigment-to-cement ratio for each mix design on a job.
For consistent color throughout a job, each component of the concrete should be from a single source, uniform in color, and consistently proportioned. Maintain 5" (13 cm) maximum slump unless otherwise specified. If higher slump is required, use water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures instead of added water. A low water water-cement ratio minimizes shrinkage and cracking, maximizes hardness and promotes a richer, darker concrete color. Adding water causes concrete to pale or "wash out". Schedule deliveries for consistent mixing times for each load. Clean mixer thoroughly before batching colored concrete and after pour to prevent color carry-over.
Davis Colors in Mix-Ready bags may be used in combination with vinsol resin-type air-entraining agents, water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures, and reinforcing fibers. They are expected to be compatible with other commercially available admixtures but have not been tested with all admixtures and mix designs.
Mix-Ready bags have no negative effect on typical concrete mix designs when used at recommended dosage rates. At high addition rates, they have a slight water-reducing effect which can improve workability by slightly increasing slump. However, this is not the intended use for Mix-Ready bags. Use the lowest number of bags required for the batch.
The pure pigments in Davis Colors are not blended with the fillers, additives or admixtures used in some other brands of concrete colors. Pre-blended admixtures, sometimes called "color-conditioned" admixtures, add unnecessary expense and could be incompatible with the concrete mix specified for a particular project. Instead of pre-blended admixtures, Davis Colors recommends using admixtures which are stocked by and familiar to the concrete producers in your area. These admixtures will have a proven performance record with the concrete producer's materials and can be mixed separately, as required, into the concrete batch.
Adding Davis Colors:
Read label on Mix-Ready bags. Make sure the pigment number and amount added to mixer matches the batch ticket or mix design.
Standard Method:
Batch mixer truck with at least three cubic yards of concrete.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for at least 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Alternate Method:
Use if satisfactory results are not obtained with standard method.
First, wet mixer drum with approximately 1/2 to 2/3 of total batch water and some of the aggregate.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for one or two minutes to break bags and disperse pigment.
Add cement and remaining aggregate and batch water. Continue mixing at charging speed for 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Notice:
In mixes with small aggregate, dry low-slump mixes, or batches with short mixing duration, bags may not completely disintegrate. With sand-blasted or mechanically-exposed aggregate finishes, use smaller bag sizes (15 lbs. maximum) to reduce possibility that small pieces of bag could be exposed.
Mock-Up:
Provide mock-up to establish that proposed materials and construction techniques provide acceptable visual effect. Construct at least one month before start of concrete work to allow concrete to cure before final inspection. Materials used for mock-up should be those proposed for actual construction; retain samples of cement and aggregates used.
Pick a section or sections of building which typify the most difficult areas to build. Include full allocation of reinforcing steel to be used in project. Erect forming that consists of all formed conditions in project. Use the same placement and finishing techniques that will be used in project. Include repaired areas to demonstrate the color and texture of patching materials.
Formwork:
Design forms to prevent pillowing and deflection of forms.
Steel and high density overlaid plywood forms and plastic formliners are recommended. Avoid porous form materials. Lumber forms can affect color of concrete surface through variation in absorption of different portions of the board unless sealed with a non-porous coating.
Release agents should be non-staining.
Specify tight joints; surface blemishes occur when water containing cement is allowed to leak from forms. Seal joints with tape or foam rubber to avoid leakage. Forms must be secured against the previous pour and sealed to prevent leakage. Multiple horizontal pours should also have tight fitting forms, sealed against the previous pours. In multiple lift vertical pours, rustication strips are recommended.
Form ties manufactured from fiberglass rods are available in colors to match Davis Colors. When ground flush with wall, they are rust-proof and virtually invisible, and reduce the need to plug and patch recesses for formwork ties.
Placing Concrete:
Place in accordance with ACI-301. Keep concrete temperature consistent. Temperatures between 65 degrees and 85 degrees F (18 to 29 C) will normally produce more uniform color. Schedule trucks to arrive just before concrete is required. Deposit concrete in lifts 12" to 18" (300 to 460 mm) thick. Layers should be fairly level so that vibrator does not need to move the concrete laterally. Insert vibrator at about 18" (460 mm) on center depending on concrete mix and vibrator used. Vibrator should penetrate at least 6" (150 mm) into preceding layer. Do not over vibrate.
Form Removal:
Remove forms in accordance with ACI-347. Different color hues may be expected between two surfaces where adjacent formwork is stripped at different ages.
Curing:
Use only curing compounds specifically recommended for colored concrete. Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal' allows the natural appearance of concrete to show. Davis Colors Color Seal II' covers concrete with a thin colored coating, creating a more uniform appearance. Curing with water, membranes, or non-approved compounds can discolor concrete.
Finishes for Slabs:
Concrete can be finished with a variety of attractive finishes, including broomed, swirled, troweled, rock salt pocked, exposed aggregate, sandblasted, or pattern stamped.A separate product data sheet, available from Davis Colors, has more information about finishes for slabs.
Texturing:
Textured surfaces produce more uniform looking concrete than smooth formed surface. Sandblasting, high pressure water jet, bushhammering, and surface retarders can be used to expose the fine or coarse aggregate. Sandblasted finishes can be brush, light medium or heavy depending on texture desired. If retarders are used, exercise caution and follow manufacturer's instructions explicitly.
Water Repellants:
The use of a high quality sealer or water repellant treatment may help preserve the beauty of colored concrete by reducing efflorescence and staining. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
Patching Colored Concrete:
Fill holes and defects in concrete surface within a few days after form removal. This allows patches and surrounding concrete to age together and reduces the possibility of color variations. Use the same patching materials and techniques that were approved on mock-up.
Make patches with materials from the same sources as the concrete. Because the stiff mortar used for patching typically has a lower water/cement ratio than the rest of the concrete, it will normally dry darker. To overcome this, white cement should be added to the mortar mix. Determine mix proportions by trial and error; a good starting mix is 3 parts sand, 1 part gray cement, and 1 part white cement. Add enough color to create the same color/cement mix rate used on the job, but the white cement used to lighten the patch should not be included when figuring the color/cement mix rate for patching. If necessary, add aggregate to mortar mix so patches will have the same texture and appearance as adjacent concrete.
Precautions:
Color of cured concrete can vary from color cards or samples due to differences in mix water content; forming, finishing and curing methods; weather conditions; and variations in base color of cement or other concrete materials. As with all natural materials, minor variations in appearance are an accepted feature of concrete, both colored and uncolored.
Observe industry practices for quality concrete. Check a test batch to see if it meets specifications before finalizing mix design. Sample concrete throughout pour to assure it meets specifications.
Efflorescence, a salt deposit that forms a white stain on concrete, can be particularly objectionable on colored concrete. Reduce efflorescence by using a low water-cement ratio, using curing compound, and designing concrete mix for less permeability. Seal concrete against water penetration and leaks. Keep de-icing salts away from slabs which are not fully cured. Remove efflorescence as soon as possible. If removal is delayed, deposits convert to calcium carbonate which is removed with a dilute acid wash that will affect the surface appearance.
Davis Colors are not hazardous and are non-toxic if accidentally ingested. Protect against breathing dust and cont
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5. CÀI ĐẶTCác phím để thành công cụ thể, cho dù màu hay không, bao gồm tính nhất quán trong vật liệu và craftsmanship và cẩn thận kế hoạch và chi tiết của dự án. Theo tiêu chuẩn công nghiệp cho công việc bê tông chất lượng cao kiến trúc và quan sát những kiến nghị sau đây.Thiết kế hỗn hợp bê tông:Xác định số lượng sắc tố và tỷ lệ liều lượng sắc tố từ thẻ màu Davis. Màu tùy chỉnh được thực hiện bằng cách thay đổi số lượng màu sắc, thêm vào hỗn hợp. Liều điển hình tỷ lệ phạm vi từ một đến £ 5 của Davis màu sắc mỗi 94 pound bao xi măng nội dung (1 cu. ft). (Với metric trộn thiết kế, điển hình liều dùng tỷ giá khoảng từ một đến năm phần trăm của nội dung xi măng.) Tỷ lệ liều lượng tối đa của màu sắc không vượt quá 10% trọng lượng của nội dung xi măng. Xi măng nội dung bao gồm xi măng portland, fly ash, silica khói, vôi và khác hợp tài liệu nhưng không tổng hợp hoặc cát. Sử dụng cùng tỷ lệ sắc tố xi măng cho mỗi thiết kế kết hợp vào một công việc.Cho phù hợp màu sắc trong suốt một công việc, mỗi thành phần của bê tông phải từ một nguồn duy nhất, thống nhất trong màu sắc, và luôn cân đối. Duy trì 5"(13 cm) tối đa sụt giảm trừ khi được chỉ rõ. Nếu độ sụt cao là bắt buộc, sử dụng phụ gia làm giảm nước hoặc plasticizing thay vì thêm nước. Một tỷ lệ nước xi măng nước thấp giảm thiểu co rút và nứt, tối đa hóa độ cứng và khuyến khích một phong phú hơn, sẫm màu hơn bê tông màu. Thêm nước gây ra bê tông màu nhạt hoặc "rửa ra". Sắp xếp việc giao hàng cho phù hợp trộn lần cho mỗi tải. Sạch sẽ trộn kỹ lưỡng trước khi trạm trộn bê tông màu và sau khi đổ để ngăn chặn màu chi.Davis màu sắc trong Mix-sẵn sàng túi có thể được sử dụng kết hợp với vinsol nhựa-loại máy-entraining đại lý, việc giảm nước hoặc plasticizing phụ gia và gia cố sợi. Họ cần được tương thích với các phụ gia thương mại có sẵn nhưng đã không được thử nghiệm với tất cả các phụ gia và trộn thiết kế.Sẵn sàng kết hợp túi đã không có tác động tiêu cực trên điển hình bê tông trộn thiết kế khi được sử dụng ở liều được đề nghị mức. Ở mức giá cao bổ sung, họ có một chút nước giảm hiệu ứng có thể cải thiện workability hơi tăng sụt giảm. Tuy nhiên, điều này không phải là việc sử dụng dự định sẵn sàng kết hợp túi. Sử dụng số lượng thấp nhất của túi cần thiết cho lô.Sắc tố tinh khiết trong màu sắc Davis được không pha trộn với các chất độn, phụ gia hoặc phụ gia được sử dụng trong một số thương hiệu khác của bê tông màu sắc. Phụ gia pha trộn sẵn, đôi khi được gọi là "màu sắc lạnh" phụ gia, thêm chi phí không cần thiết và có thể là không tương thích với hỗn hợp bê tông được chỉ định cho một dự án cụ thể. Thay vì phụ gia trước pha trộn, màu sắc Davis khuyến cáo sử dụng phụ gia được thả bởi và quen thuộc với các nhà sản xuất bê tông trong khu vực của bạn. Các phụ gia sẽ có một hồ sơ đã được chứng minh hiệu suất với các vật liệu sản xuất bê tông và có thể được pha trộn một cách riêng biệt, theo yêu cầu, vào lô bê tông.Thêm màu sắc Davis:Đọc nhãn Mix-sẵn sàng túi. Đảm bảo rằng số lượng sắc tố và số tiền bổ sung vào trộn phù hợp với vé hàng loạt hoặc trộn thiết kế.Phương pháp tiêu chuẩn:Lô xe tải trộn với tối thiểu ba mét khối bê tông.Quăng trong sẵn sàng kết hợp túi và trộn tại sạc tốc độ cho ít nhất 5 phút (7 phút cho hỗn hợp hạt đậu-sỏi).Thay thế phương pháp:Sử dụng nếu kết quả khả quan không thu được với phương pháp tiêu chuẩn.Đầu tiên, ướt trộn trống với khoảng 1/2 đến 2/3 của tất cả lô nước và một số tổng hợp.Quăng trong sẵn sàng kết hợp túi và trộn tại sạc tốc độ cho một hoặc hai phút để phá vỡ túi và phân tán sắc tố.Thêm xi măng và tổng hợp còn lại và lô nước. Tiếp tục trộn tại sạc tốc độ 5 phút (7 phút cho hỗn hợp hạt đậu-sỏi).Thông báo:Trong hỗn hợp với tổng tỉ số nhỏ, khô sụt giảm thấp hỗn hợp, hoặc lô với thời gian ngắn trộn, túi có thể không hoàn toàn vỡ ra. Với cát-thổi hoặc tổng hợp tiếp xúc với máy móc hoàn tất, sử dụng túi kích thước nhỏ hơn (tối đa là 15 lbs.) để giảm khả năng rằng miếng nhỏ của túi có thể được tiếp xúc.Mô hình:Cung cấp các mô hình để thiết lập đó đề xuất tài liệu và kỹ thuật xây dựng cung cấp hiệu ứng hình ảnh chấp nhận được. Xây dựng tối thiểu một tháng trước khi bắt đầu công việc cụ thể để cho phép cụ thể để chữa bệnh trước khi kiểm tra cuối cùng. Vật liệu được sử dụng cho mô hình nên là những đề xuất cho thực tế xây dựng; giữ lại mẫu của xi măng và tập hợp được sử dụng.Chọn một phần hoặc phần của xây dựng mà typify các khu vực khó khăn nhất để xây dựng. Bao gồm đầy đủ phân bổ cốt thép thép được sử dụng trong dự án. Dựng hình thành mà bao gồm tất cả các điều kiện được hình thành trong dự án. Sử dụng cùng một vị trí và hoàn thiện các kỹ thuật sẽ được sử dụng trong dự án. Bao gồm các lĩnh vực sửa chữa để chứng minh các màu sắc và kết cấu của vá vật liệu.Cốp pha:Thiết kế các hình thức để ngăn chặn pillowing và độ lệch của hình thức.Thép và mật độ cao che ván ép các hình thức và nhựa formliners được khuyến khích. Tránh xốp hình thức tài liệu. Gỗ các hình thức có thể ảnh hưởng đến màu sắc của các bề mặt bê tông thông qua hấp thụ của các khu vực khác nhau của Hội đồng quản trị bị thay đổi trừ khi niêm phong với một lớp phủ không xốp.Đại lý phát hành nên được phòng không nhuộm.Chỉ định khớp chặt chẽ; bề mặt nhược điểm xảy ra khi nước có chứa xi măng được bị rò rỉ từ hình thức. Con dấu khớp với băng hoặc bọt cao su để tránh rò rỉ. Hình thức phải được bảo đảm chống lại đổ trước và niêm phong để tránh rò rỉ. Nhiều ngang đổ cũng cần phải có hình thức phù hợp chặt chẽ, niêm phong chống lại đổ trước. Trong nhiều lift dọc đổ, rustication dải được đề nghị.Mối quan hệ hình thức sản xuất từ sợi thủy tinh thanh có sẵn trong các màu sắc để phù hợp với màu sắc Davis. Khi mặt đất tuôn ra với bức tường, họ là chất tẩy rửa-bằng chứng và hầu như vô hình, và làm giảm sự cần thiết phải cắm và vá recesses cho quan hệ ván khuôn.Cách đặt bê tông:Đặt phù hợp với ACI-301. Giữ cho nhiệt độ bê tông khách sạn phù hợp. Nhiệt độ giữa 65 độ và 85 độ F (18 đến 29 C) bình thường sẽ tạo ra màu sắc thống nhất hơn. Lịch trình xe tải đến ngay trước khi bê tông được yêu cầu. Tiền đặt cọc bê tông trong Thang máy 12" đến 18" (300 phải 460 mm) dày. Lớp nên khá cấp để rung đó không cần phải di chuyển bê tông sang hai bên. Chèn rung lúc khoảng 18"(460 mm) trên các trung tâm tùy thuộc vào hỗn hợp bê tông và rung được sử dụng. Rung nên xâm nhập ít 6"(150 mm) vào trước lớp. Không hơn rung động.Loại bỏ hình thức:Loại bỏ các hình thức phù hợp với ACI-347. Màu sắc màu sắc khác nhau có thể được dự kiến giữa hai bề mặt nơi liền kề cốp pha bị tước ở lứa tuổi khác nhau.Chữa:Sử dụng chỉ chữa hợp chất đặc biệt khuyến khích cho bê tông màu. Davis màu sắc W-1000 rõ ràng chữa bệnh & con dấu ' cho phép sự xuất hiện tự nhiên của cụ thể để hiển thị. Davis màu sắc màu con dấu II' bao gồm bê tông với một lớp phủ màu mỏng, tạo ra một xuất hiện thống nhất hơn. Chữa với nước, màng, hoặc không chấp thuận các hợp chất có thể mất màu bê tông.Kết thúc cho tấm:Bê tông có thể được hoàn thành với một loạt các kết thúc hấp dẫn, bao gồm cả broomed, hoà quyện, troweled, đá muối pocked, tổng hợp tiếp xúc, phun cát, hoặc mô hình đóng dấu.Một bảng dữ liệu sản phẩm riêng biệt, có sẵn từ màu sắc Davis, có thêm thông tin về các kết thúc cho tấm.Thêm hoạ tiết cho:Kết cấu bề mặt sản xuất cụ thể tìm kiếm thống nhất hơn so với bề mặt nhẵn được hình thành. Cát, cao áp lực nước máy bay phản lực, bushhammering, và bề mặt retarders có thể được sử dụng để lộ sự tổng hợp tốt hoặc thô. Sandblasted kết thúc có thể là bàn chải, phương tiện nhẹ hoặc nặng tùy thuộc vào kết cấu mong muốn. Nếu retarders được sử dụng, hãy thận trọng và làm theo hướng dẫn của nhà sản xuất một cách rõ ràng.Nước Repellants:Sử dụng một chất lượng cao niêm phong hoặc nước ý khước từ điều trị có thể giúp duy trì vẻ đẹp của bê tông màu bằng cách giảm sự lên hoa và nhuộm. Làm theo hướng dẫn của nhà sản xuất.Vá bê tông màu:Điền vào lỗ và Khuyết tật trong các bề mặt bê tông trong vòng một vài ngày sau khi loại bỏ hình thức. Điều này cho phép các bản vá lỗi và các cụ thể xung quanh để tuổi với nhau và làm giảm khả năng biến thể màu sắc. Sử dụng cùng một tài liệu vá và kỹ thuật đã được chấp thuận vào mô hình.Làm cho các bản vá lỗi với các vật liệu từ các nguồn tương tự như bê tông. Bởi vì cứng vữa được sử dụng cho vá thường có một tỷ lệ nước/xi măng thấp hơn so với phần còn lại của bê tông, nó sẽ bình thường khô sẫm màu hơn. Để khắc phục điều này, xi măng trắng nên được thêm vào hỗn hợp vữa. Xác định tỷ lệ pha trộn bằng cách thử và lỗi; một kết hợp bắt đầu tốt là 3 phần cát, 1 phần màu xám xi măng và 1 phần trắng xi măng. Thêm đủ màu sắc để tạo ra kết hợp màu sắc/xi măng cùng một tỷ lệ sử dụng trong công việc, nhưng xi măng trắng được sử dụng để làm sáng các bản vá không nên được bao gồm khi tìm tỷ lệ pha trộn màu sắc/xi măng cho vá. Nếu cần thiết, thêm tổng hợp vữa hỗn hợp để bản vá lỗi sẽ có cùng một kết cấu và sự xuất hiện như bê tông liền kề.Biện pháp phòng ngừa:Màu sắc của chữa khỏi bê tông có thể khác nhau từ màu sắc thẻ hoặc mẫu do sự khác biệt trong các hàm lượng nước trộn; hình thành, hoàn thiện và chữa phương pháp; điều kiện thời tiết; và các biến thể trong màu cơ bản của xi măng hay các tài liệu khác của bê tông. Như với tất cả các vật liệu tự nhiên, các biến thể nhỏ trong sự xuất hiện là một tính năng được chấp nhận của bê tông, màu và uncolored.Quan sát ngành công nghiệp thực tiễn cho chất lượng bê tông. Kiểm tra một lô kiểm tra để xem nếu nó đáp ứng các thông số kỹ thuật trước khi hoàn thiện thiết kế pha trộn. Mẫu bê tông trong suốt đổ để đảm bảo nó đáp ứng các thông số kỹ thuật.Sự lên hoa, một khoản tiền gửi muối tạo thành một vết màu trắng trên bê tông, có thể đặc biệt khó chịu trên bê tông màu. Giảm bớt sự lên hoa bằng cách sử dụng một tỷ lệ thấp nước xi măng, bằng cách sử dụng chữa hợp chất, và thiết kế hỗn hợp bê tông cho ít hơn thấm. Con dấu cụ thể chống lại nước thâm nhập và rò rỉ. De-giữ đóng băng muối ra khỏi tấm đó không hoàn toàn chữa khỏi. Loại bỏ sự lên hoa càng sớm càng tốt. Nếu loại bỏ bị trì hoãn, tiền gửi chuyển đổi để cacbonat canxi được loại bỏ với một rửa axit loãng sẽ ảnh hưởng đến sự xuất hiện bề mặt.Davis màu sắc không phải là nguy hiểm và được không độc nếu ăn phải vô tình. Bảo vệ chống lại thở bụi và tiếp
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
5. INSTALLATION
The keys to successful concrete, whether colored or not, include consistency in materials and craftsmanship and careful planning and detailing of the project. Follow industry standards for high quality architectural concrete work and observe the following recommendations.
Concrete Mix Design:
Determine pigment number and pigment dosage rate from the Davis color card. Custom shades are made by varying the amount of color added to the mix. Typical dosage rates range from one to five pounds of Davis Colors per 94 pound sack (1 cu. ft.) of cement content. (With metric mix designs, typical dosage rates range from one to five percent of cement content.) Maximum dosage rate of color should not exceed 10% of weight of cement content. Cement content includes portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, lime and other cementitious materials but not aggregate or sand. Use the same pigment-to-cement ratio for each mix design on a job.
For consistent color throughout a job, each component of the concrete should be from a single source, uniform in color, and consistently proportioned. Maintain 5" (13 cm) maximum slump unless otherwise specified. If higher slump is required, use water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures instead of added water. A low water water-cement ratio minimizes shrinkage and cracking, maximizes hardness and promotes a richer, darker concrete color. Adding water causes concrete to pale or "wash out". Schedule deliveries for consistent mixing times for each load. Clean mixer thoroughly before batching colored concrete and after pour to prevent color carry-over.
Davis Colors in Mix-Ready bags may be used in combination with vinsol resin-type air-entraining agents, water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures, and reinforcing fibers. They are expected to be compatible with other commercially available admixtures but have not been tested with all admixtures and mix designs.
Mix-Ready bags have no negative effect on typical concrete mix designs when used at recommended dosage rates. At high addition rates, they have a slight water-reducing effect which can improve workability by slightly increasing slump. However, this is not the intended use for Mix-Ready bags. Use the lowest number of bags required for the batch.
The pure pigments in Davis Colors are not blended with the fillers, additives or admixtures used in some other brands of concrete colors. Pre-blended admixtures, sometimes called "color-conditioned" admixtures, add unnecessary expense and could be incompatible with the concrete mix specified for a particular project. Instead of pre-blended admixtures, Davis Colors recommends using admixtures which are stocked by and familiar to the concrete producers in your area. These admixtures will have a proven performance record with the concrete producer's materials and can be mixed separately, as required, into the concrete batch.
Adding Davis Colors:
Read label on Mix-Ready bags. Make sure the pigment number and amount added to mixer matches the batch ticket or mix design.
Standard Method:
Batch mixer truck with at least three cubic yards of concrete.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for at least 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Alternate Method:
Use if satisfactory results are not obtained with standard method.
First, wet mixer drum with approximately 1/2 to 2/3 of total batch water and some of the aggregate.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for one or two minutes to break bags and disperse pigment.
Add cement and remaining aggregate and batch water. Continue mixing at charging speed for 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Notice:
In mixes with small aggregate, dry low-slump mixes, or batches with short mixing duration, bags may not completely disintegrate. With sand-blasted or mechanically-exposed aggregate finishes, use smaller bag sizes (15 lbs. maximum) to reduce possibility that small pieces of bag could be exposed.
Mock-Up:
Provide mock-up to establish that proposed materials and construction techniques provide acceptable visual effect. Construct at least one month before start of concrete work to allow concrete to cure before final inspection. Materials used for mock-up should be those proposed for actual construction; retain samples of cement and aggregates used.
Pick a section or sections of building which typify the most difficult areas to build. Include full allocation of reinforcing steel to be used in project. Erect forming that consists of all formed conditions in project. Use the same placement and finishing techniques that will be used in project. Include repaired areas to demonstrate the color and texture of patching materials.
Formwork:
Design forms to prevent pillowing and deflection of forms.
Steel and high density overlaid plywood forms and plastic formliners are recommended. Avoid porous form materials. Lumber forms can affect color of concrete surface through variation in absorption of different portions of the board unless sealed with a non-porous coating.
Release agents should be non-staining.
Specify tight joints; surface blemishes occur when water containing cement is allowed to leak from forms. Seal joints with tape or foam rubber to avoid leakage. Forms must be secured against the previous pour and sealed to prevent leakage. Multiple horizontal pours should also have tight fitting forms, sealed against the previous pours. In multiple lift vertical pours, rustication strips are recommended.
Form ties manufactured from fiberglass rods are available in colors to match Davis Colors. When ground flush with wall, they are rust-proof and virtually invisible, and reduce the need to plug and patch recesses for formwork ties.
Placing Concrete:
Place in accordance with ACI-301. Keep concrete temperature consistent. Temperatures between 65 degrees and 85 degrees F (18 to 29 C) will normally produce more uniform color. Schedule trucks to arrive just before concrete is required. Deposit concrete in lifts 12" to 18" (300 to 460 mm) thick. Layers should be fairly level so that vibrator does not need to move the concrete laterally. Insert vibrator at about 18" (460 mm) on center depending on concrete mix and vibrator used. Vibrator should penetrate at least 6" (150 mm) into preceding layer. Do not over vibrate.
Form Removal:
Remove forms in accordance with ACI-347. Different color hues may be expected between two surfaces where adjacent formwork is stripped at different ages.
Curing:
Use only curing compounds specifically recommended for colored concrete. Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal' allows the natural appearance of concrete to show. Davis Colors Color Seal II' covers concrete with a thin colored coating, creating a more uniform appearance. Curing with water, membranes, or non-approved compounds can discolor concrete.
Finishes for Slabs:
Concrete can be finished with a variety of attractive finishes, including broomed, swirled, troweled, rock salt pocked, exposed aggregate, sandblasted, or pattern stamped.A separate product data sheet, available from Davis Colors, has more information about finishes for slabs.
Texturing:
Textured surfaces produce more uniform looking concrete than smooth formed surface. Sandblasting, high pressure water jet, bushhammering, and surface retarders can be used to expose the fine or coarse aggregate. Sandblasted finishes can be brush, light medium or heavy depending on texture desired. If retarders are used, exercise caution and follow manufacturer's instructions explicitly.
Water Repellants:
The use of a high quality sealer or water repellant treatment may help preserve the beauty of colored concrete by reducing efflorescence and staining. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
Patching Colored Concrete:
Fill holes and defects in concrete surface within a few days after form removal. This allows patches and surrounding concrete to age together and reduces the possibility of color variations. Use the same patching materials and techniques that were approved on mock-up.
Make patches with materials from the same sources as the concrete. Because the stiff mortar used for patching typically has a lower water/cement ratio than the rest of the concrete, it will normally dry darker. To overcome this, white cement should be added to the mortar mix. Determine mix proportions by trial and error; a good starting mix is 3 parts sand, 1 part gray cement, and 1 part white cement. Add enough color to create the same color/cement mix rate used on the job, but the white cement used to lighten the patch should not be included when figuring the color/cement mix rate for patching. If necessary, add aggregate to mortar mix so patches will have the same texture and appearance as adjacent concrete.
Precautions:
Color of cured concrete can vary from color cards or samples due to differences in mix water content; forming, finishing and curing methods; weather conditions; and variations in base color of cement or other concrete materials. As with all natural materials, minor variations in appearance are an accepted feature of concrete, both colored and uncolored.
Observe industry practices for quality concrete. Check a test batch to see if it meets specifications before finalizing mix design. Sample concrete throughout pour to assure it meets specifications.
Efflorescence, a salt deposit that forms a white stain on concrete, can be particularly objectionable on colored concrete. Reduce efflorescence by using a low water-cement ratio, using curing compound, and designing concrete mix for less permeability. Seal concrete against water penetration and leaks. Keep de-icing salts away from slabs which are not fully cured. Remove efflorescence as soon as possible. If removal is delayed, deposits convert to calcium carbonate which is removed with a dilute acid wash that will affect the surface appearance.
Davis Colors are not hazardous and are non-toxic if accidentally ingested. Protect against breathing dust and cont
The keys to successful concrete, whether colored or not, include consistency in materials and craftsmanship and careful planning and detailing of the project. Follow industry standards for high quality architectural concrete work and observe the following recommendations.
Concrete Mix Design:
Determine pigment number and pigment dosage rate from the Davis color card. Custom shades are made by varying the amount of color added to the mix. Typical dosage rates range from one to five pounds of Davis Colors per 94 pound sack (1 cu. ft.) of cement content. (With metric mix designs, typical dosage rates range from one to five percent of cement content.) Maximum dosage rate of color should not exceed 10% of weight of cement content. Cement content includes portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, lime and other cementitious materials but not aggregate or sand. Use the same pigment-to-cement ratio for each mix design on a job.
For consistent color throughout a job, each component of the concrete should be from a single source, uniform in color, and consistently proportioned. Maintain 5" (13 cm) maximum slump unless otherwise specified. If higher slump is required, use water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures instead of added water. A low water water-cement ratio minimizes shrinkage and cracking, maximizes hardness and promotes a richer, darker concrete color. Adding water causes concrete to pale or "wash out". Schedule deliveries for consistent mixing times for each load. Clean mixer thoroughly before batching colored concrete and after pour to prevent color carry-over.
Davis Colors in Mix-Ready bags may be used in combination with vinsol resin-type air-entraining agents, water-reducing or plasticizing admixtures, and reinforcing fibers. They are expected to be compatible with other commercially available admixtures but have not been tested with all admixtures and mix designs.
Mix-Ready bags have no negative effect on typical concrete mix designs when used at recommended dosage rates. At high addition rates, they have a slight water-reducing effect which can improve workability by slightly increasing slump. However, this is not the intended use for Mix-Ready bags. Use the lowest number of bags required for the batch.
The pure pigments in Davis Colors are not blended with the fillers, additives or admixtures used in some other brands of concrete colors. Pre-blended admixtures, sometimes called "color-conditioned" admixtures, add unnecessary expense and could be incompatible with the concrete mix specified for a particular project. Instead of pre-blended admixtures, Davis Colors recommends using admixtures which are stocked by and familiar to the concrete producers in your area. These admixtures will have a proven performance record with the concrete producer's materials and can be mixed separately, as required, into the concrete batch.
Adding Davis Colors:
Read label on Mix-Ready bags. Make sure the pigment number and amount added to mixer matches the batch ticket or mix design.
Standard Method:
Batch mixer truck with at least three cubic yards of concrete.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for at least 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Alternate Method:
Use if satisfactory results are not obtained with standard method.
First, wet mixer drum with approximately 1/2 to 2/3 of total batch water and some of the aggregate.
Toss in Mix-Ready bags and mix at charging speed for one or two minutes to break bags and disperse pigment.
Add cement and remaining aggregate and batch water. Continue mixing at charging speed for 5 minutes (7 minutes for pea-gravel mixes).
Notice:
In mixes with small aggregate, dry low-slump mixes, or batches with short mixing duration, bags may not completely disintegrate. With sand-blasted or mechanically-exposed aggregate finishes, use smaller bag sizes (15 lbs. maximum) to reduce possibility that small pieces of bag could be exposed.
Mock-Up:
Provide mock-up to establish that proposed materials and construction techniques provide acceptable visual effect. Construct at least one month before start of concrete work to allow concrete to cure before final inspection. Materials used for mock-up should be those proposed for actual construction; retain samples of cement and aggregates used.
Pick a section or sections of building which typify the most difficult areas to build. Include full allocation of reinforcing steel to be used in project. Erect forming that consists of all formed conditions in project. Use the same placement and finishing techniques that will be used in project. Include repaired areas to demonstrate the color and texture of patching materials.
Formwork:
Design forms to prevent pillowing and deflection of forms.
Steel and high density overlaid plywood forms and plastic formliners are recommended. Avoid porous form materials. Lumber forms can affect color of concrete surface through variation in absorption of different portions of the board unless sealed with a non-porous coating.
Release agents should be non-staining.
Specify tight joints; surface blemishes occur when water containing cement is allowed to leak from forms. Seal joints with tape or foam rubber to avoid leakage. Forms must be secured against the previous pour and sealed to prevent leakage. Multiple horizontal pours should also have tight fitting forms, sealed against the previous pours. In multiple lift vertical pours, rustication strips are recommended.
Form ties manufactured from fiberglass rods are available in colors to match Davis Colors. When ground flush with wall, they are rust-proof and virtually invisible, and reduce the need to plug and patch recesses for formwork ties.
Placing Concrete:
Place in accordance with ACI-301. Keep concrete temperature consistent. Temperatures between 65 degrees and 85 degrees F (18 to 29 C) will normally produce more uniform color. Schedule trucks to arrive just before concrete is required. Deposit concrete in lifts 12" to 18" (300 to 460 mm) thick. Layers should be fairly level so that vibrator does not need to move the concrete laterally. Insert vibrator at about 18" (460 mm) on center depending on concrete mix and vibrator used. Vibrator should penetrate at least 6" (150 mm) into preceding layer. Do not over vibrate.
Form Removal:
Remove forms in accordance with ACI-347. Different color hues may be expected between two surfaces where adjacent formwork is stripped at different ages.
Curing:
Use only curing compounds specifically recommended for colored concrete. Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal' allows the natural appearance of concrete to show. Davis Colors Color Seal II' covers concrete with a thin colored coating, creating a more uniform appearance. Curing with water, membranes, or non-approved compounds can discolor concrete.
Finishes for Slabs:
Concrete can be finished with a variety of attractive finishes, including broomed, swirled, troweled, rock salt pocked, exposed aggregate, sandblasted, or pattern stamped.A separate product data sheet, available from Davis Colors, has more information about finishes for slabs.
Texturing:
Textured surfaces produce more uniform looking concrete than smooth formed surface. Sandblasting, high pressure water jet, bushhammering, and surface retarders can be used to expose the fine or coarse aggregate. Sandblasted finishes can be brush, light medium or heavy depending on texture desired. If retarders are used, exercise caution and follow manufacturer's instructions explicitly.
Water Repellants:
The use of a high quality sealer or water repellant treatment may help preserve the beauty of colored concrete by reducing efflorescence and staining. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
Patching Colored Concrete:
Fill holes and defects in concrete surface within a few days after form removal. This allows patches and surrounding concrete to age together and reduces the possibility of color variations. Use the same patching materials and techniques that were approved on mock-up.
Make patches with materials from the same sources as the concrete. Because the stiff mortar used for patching typically has a lower water/cement ratio than the rest of the concrete, it will normally dry darker. To overcome this, white cement should be added to the mortar mix. Determine mix proportions by trial and error; a good starting mix is 3 parts sand, 1 part gray cement, and 1 part white cement. Add enough color to create the same color/cement mix rate used on the job, but the white cement used to lighten the patch should not be included when figuring the color/cement mix rate for patching. If necessary, add aggregate to mortar mix so patches will have the same texture and appearance as adjacent concrete.
Precautions:
Color of cured concrete can vary from color cards or samples due to differences in mix water content; forming, finishing and curing methods; weather conditions; and variations in base color of cement or other concrete materials. As with all natural materials, minor variations in appearance are an accepted feature of concrete, both colored and uncolored.
Observe industry practices for quality concrete. Check a test batch to see if it meets specifications before finalizing mix design. Sample concrete throughout pour to assure it meets specifications.
Efflorescence, a salt deposit that forms a white stain on concrete, can be particularly objectionable on colored concrete. Reduce efflorescence by using a low water-cement ratio, using curing compound, and designing concrete mix for less permeability. Seal concrete against water penetration and leaks. Keep de-icing salts away from slabs which are not fully cured. Remove efflorescence as soon as possible. If removal is delayed, deposits convert to calcium carbonate which is removed with a dilute acid wash that will affect the surface appearance.
Davis Colors are not hazardous and are non-toxic if accidentally ingested. Protect against breathing dust and cont
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