Many prehistoric people subsisted a

Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game
animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets.
An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife
Line concerns the sudden disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end
(5) of the Pleistocene epoch. Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led
to the mass extinctions. Others, however, have concluded that prehistoric people drove
many of those species to extinction through overhunting. In their "Pleistocene overkill
hypothesis," they cite what seems to be a remarkable coincidence between the arrival of
prehistoric peoples in North and South America and the time during which mammoths,
(10) giant ground sloths, the giant bison, and numerous other large mammals became extinct.
Perhaps the human species was driving others to extinction long before the dawn of history.
Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect
ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested:
direct competition, imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early
(15) agricultural practices. Direct competition may have brought about the demise of large
carnivores such as the saber-toothed cats. These animals simply may have been unable
to compete with the increasingly sophisticated hunting skills of Pleistocene people.
Human hunters could have caused imbalances among game animals, leading to the
extinctions of species less able to compete. When other predators such as the gray wolf
(20) prey upon large mammals, they generally take high proportions of each year s crop of
young. Some human hunters, in contrast, tend to take the various age-groups of large animals
in proportion to their actual occurrence. If such hunters first competed with the larger
predators and then replaced them. they may have allowed more young to survive each year,
gradually increasing the populations of favored species As these populations expanded,
(25) they in turn may have competed with other game species for the same environmental niche,
forcing the less hunted species into extinction. This theory, suggests that human hunters
played an indirect role in Pleistocene extinctions by hunting one species more than another.

Kết quả (Trung) 2:

许多史前人为生的猎人和采集者。无疑，游戏
的动物，包括一些非常大的物种，提供人类饮食的重要组成部分。
一个重要的争议围绕对史前野生人体影响问题
线涉及许多种大型动物的突然消失处或附近的端部
（5 ）更新世的。大多数古生物学家怀疑，在气候突然变化导致
的大灭绝。然而，其他人得出的结论是史前人开车
经过过度捕猎许多这些物种的灭绝。在他们的“更新世矫枉过正
的假设，“他们举似乎是到达之间显着的巧合
在北美和南美史前人民和时间在此期间，猛犸象，
（10），巨型地懒，巨野牛，和许多其他大哺乳动物灭绝。
也许人类驾驶人灭绝的历史。黎明之前很久
猎人-采集可能更间接为更新世大灭绝贡献
的方式。除了 ​​过度捕猎，至少其他三种效应已经提出：
直接竞争，博弈的动物品种的竞争，和早期之间的不平衡
（15）农业实践。直接竞争可能带来的大灭亡
的食肉动物，如剑齿猫。这些动物只是可能已经无法
与更新世的人日益复杂的狩猎技能竞争。
人类猎人可能造成游戏不平衡动物中，导致
物种的能力较差，竞争灭绝。当其他食肉动物，如灰太狼
在大型哺乳动物（20）的猎物，他们一般采取每年的庄稼的高比例
年轻。一些人的猎人，相反，倾向于采取各种年龄组的大型动物的
比例以它们的实际发生。如果这样的猎人第一竞争具有较大的
食肉动物，然后取而代之。他们可能让更多的年轻人每年要生存，
逐渐增加的人群青睐的品种，因为这些人群扩大，
（25），他们反过来可能都争先与其他游戏品种在同一环境的利基，
迫使少猎物物种灭绝。这一理论，表明人类猎人
打猎一个物种比另一种更起到了更新世大灭绝的间接作用。

Kết quả (Trung) 3:

许多史前人类以狩猎和采集为生。毫无疑问，游戏
动物，包括一些非常大的物种，提供人类饮食的重要组成部分。重要争议
对史前动物
线人类的影响问题中涉及或接近尾声
大型动物的许多物种的突然消失（5）更新世的。大多数古生物学家怀疑是气候的突然变化对LED
大规模灭绝。其他人，然而，认为史前人开车
许多物种灭绝过度捕猎。在他们的“更新世矫枉过正
假说，他们认为似乎
到达之间的一个显着的巧合史前的美国南部和北部地区和时间的猛犸，
（10）巨型地懒，巨大的野牛，和许多其他的大型哺乳动物灭绝。也许人类物种
驾驶人灭绝很久以前历史的黎明。
猎人可能有助于更新世大灭绝更间接
方法。除了过度捕猎，至少有三个其他种类的影响提出了建议：
直接竞争，竞争物种的野生动物之间的失衡，与早期
（15）农业实践。直接的竞争会带来大
食肉动物如剑齿虎的灭亡。这些动物可能已经无法
与更新世的人越来越复杂的狩猎技巧竞争。
猎人可能会引起动物之间失衡，导致物种不能够竞争
灭绝。当其他捕食者比如灰狼
（20）捕食大型的哺乳动物，他们一般采取高比例每年
杨氏作物。一些猎人，相反，往往在其实际发生的比例以大型动物
各年龄组。如果猎人首次竞争较大食肉动物然后取而代之
。他们可能允许更年轻的生存每年，
逐渐青睐的物种种群这些种群扩大，
（25）他们会有竞争与其他游戏种类相同的环境利基，
迫使不猎物物种的灭绝。这一理论，认为人类所起的一种狩猎的猎人
超过另一个在更新世灭绝






间接作用。