a. Characteristics. A square pier (see Figure 3-1, (2)) has berth accommodations at the sides as well as at the face. It is supported by solid fill or piling. Usually the area of the deck is so great that it precludes all-pile construction. For this reason, this type of pier is rarely adaptable for new construction. For linear feet of berthing space per 1,000 feet of shore front, see Table 3-1.b. Advantages.(1) Solid fill offers stability and bearing strength.(2) Upshore areas are accessible for storage and traffic circulation.(3) Side berths add to berthing accommodations.c. Disadvantages.(1) Moving earth for fill requires equipment and personnel.(2) Requirements for fill or piling are great compared to usable space on the deck.(3) When on fill, the square pier changes the natural current system.
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