Measures addressing hazardous cargo – in general
An amendment to MARPOL Annex 2 refers to the international IBC code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk, which identifies more than 250 noxious liquid substances. Annex 2 provides guidelines for the design, construction and operational requirements of chemical tankers, as well as the discharge conditions for noxious liquid substances as a result of shipping activity and tank cleaning. It also contains procedures for the prevention of accidental discharge at sea and measures for the control, treatment and disposal of wastes from chemical tankers at port.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), adopted by the IMO, lists hundreds of specific dangerous goods. MARPOL Annex 3 regulates the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in package forms by providing detailed rules on standards on packaging, marking, labelling, documentation, stowage and quantity limitations.
According to a survey by Comtois and Slack (2007), advanced training of crew aboard ships and port personnel is essential.
Ports may have several reasons to develop emergency plans. Accidents involving the handling and storage of hazardous substances are one. Toxic spills, explosions and fires may require the protection and evacuation of people in the port area, as well as in neighbouring communities. Emergency plans may also be needed in relation to natural
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