b.Ratio and other similar methods. Ratio methods, when judiciously employed, represent an improvement over simple extrapolation. They recognize that migration is not an isolated phenomenon, and they obtain forecast which are not wholly dependent on the mere facts of previous migration.The general procedure is to relate migration, via a constant or changing ratio, to some aspect of population growth. The reader will recognize that in many respects the ways in which the ratio techniques may be applied to forecast migration are similar to the ways ( already discussed in the previous chapter) in which these techniques can be used to forecast total population.In the least - refined form, the ratio methods assume that migration for a given area is a simple function (e.g. a percentage) of total population growth of the area, and that this relationship over the past will continue in the future. An alternative form relates migration in the area to total population growth of some other (larger) area, such as the nation, whose numbers may be considered to have a bearing on that migration and for which there exists a population forecast. Various components of total population may also be used as the base to which the ratio is applied.Other variants of the ratio method involve relating migration in a given area (1) to forecasts of migration in a different area, or (2) to forecasts of migration in a component group of the population of the given area.Better estimates is made to identify possible determinants of migration might be estimated in terms of a percentage ( or some similar ratio) of projected new employment opportunities. A more refined type of ratio analysis might relate migration to projections of new employment opportunities as measured by occupational structure, by skill and educational requirements, or by other significant characteristics. A number of the succeeding chapters will treat and evaluate the projection of new employment opportunities by alternative procedures. They will thereby fornish to the migration analyst pertinent information on type of base to which a ratio may be applied, as well as knowledge on appropriate techniques for projecting the size of a selected base.However, see Joseph S. Davis [31-33], for example, for critical comment on the deficiencies in such projections in practice.For instance, see W. A. Spurr [127]See, for example, P. M. Reid [114], V. B. Stanbery [128], and F. Lorimer [93].V. B. Stanbery [128] has used ratios based on total national population and on total national population less that of the area under study. See also F. Lorimer [93].W. D. Bryant [19] has used national migration figures in this way.P. V. Lane [85] has related migration in a given area to migration in the school age component of the population of the area as determined from school enrollment data.
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