Civil-Military Relations in Ne Win’s Burma, 1962-1988(Ne Win Taisei-Ki Biruma ni Okeru Sei-Gun Kankei (1962-1988))ネー・ウィン体制期ビルマにおける政軍関係 (1962‐1988)Yoshihiro NakanishiKyoto UniversityMarch 2007This dissertation aims to describe the transformation of civil-militaryrelations from 1962 to 1988 in Burma, focusing on Gen. Ne Win’sleadership and the bureaucratic development of the military ( tatmadaw).The author argues that wide-ranging distribution of state posts to therelatively small-sized officer corps is the most important factor for themilitary regime durability in Burma. It enabled Ne Win to maintain hispower for 26 years and tatmadaw to exercise powerful influence on otherpolitical actors. In order to demonstrate this point, the author examineshow the formal and informal networks of the officer corps expanded toother state organizations under Ne Win’s project of party-state building.The author’s argument is largely based on primary sources of thearchives in Burma and interviews with former military and party officers.The study consists of four main parts. The first part deals with thestate ideology formation. Previous studies have analyzed the stateideology of Ne Win regime from the perspective of Burma nationalism.The author reexamines the conventional views by focusing on theinteraction between the personal history of U Chit Hlaing, the drafter ofthe ideology, and the military politics in the 1950s. It demonstrates thatsome anti-communistic and pro-constitutional propaganda articlesbecame the state ideology after the coup d'état on March 2nd 1962,which denied the 1947 Constitution and legitimated the politicalintervention by tatmadaw . The second part is an analysis of therelationship between the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) andtatmadaw . Based on detailed empirical investigations into personnel117SOAS BULLETIN OF BURMA RESEARCH 5 2007management of BSPP, the author traces the process that Ne Winattempted to build a party-state since 1962 and finally failed in 1977. Itconcludes that Ne Win’s state reformation resulted in a party-statemanqué (=failed). The third part looks into the impact of party-statebuilding on the civil bureaucracy. It shows that the administrativereformation in the middle of the 1970s created the basic patterns of thetransfer of the military officers to the central and local administrativeorganizations. The author explains the weakness of bureaucrats ortechnocrats in Ne Win’s Burma compared with the contemporarymilitary regimes in Thailand and Indonesia. The forth part provides anexplanation to Ne Win’s leadership and tatmadaw transformation. Itchallenges the monolithic image of Ne Win–tatmadaw relations, andshows the detailed process of development of tatmadaw . The authorargues that the control of tatmadaw was essential to Ne Win’s powermaintenance and the limitation of his control over tatmadaw led to thecoup d'état on September 18th 1988.The thesis concludes that Ne Win’s leadership was characterizedby the dilemmas between his strong intention for the political“revolution” (tohlanyei) and his weak power base in other organizationsexcept tatmadaw . His strong intention enabled him to embark on buildinga party-state. However, his project was not completed as a result of hisweak power base. This attempt and failure of party-state buildinghindered civilian institutions from developing on one hand, and on theother hand it institutionalized tatmadaw intervention into every field ofthe government. Consequently, tatmadaw became the powerful politicalactor in Burma and created the basic mechanism for the interestcoordination in accordance with the military hierarchy.___________
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