Money is an international commodity that moves across continents almost as fast as it moves across the street. One of the things that lure money across international borders is the rate of interest. If interest rates are higher abroad than at home, American businesses and investors will move their money out of the USA and into countries with higher interest rates. When domestic interest rates are higher, the flow of money will reverse.These international money flows are another constraint on monetary policy. Suppose the federal government wants to slow the economy by limiting money-supply growth. Such tight-money policies will tend to raise interest rates in the USA. A higher interest rate is supposed to curb domestic investment and consumer spending. But those higher U.S. interest rates will also be an attraction for foreign money. People holding dollars abroad will want to move more money to the United States, where it can earn higher interest rates. Foreigners will also want to exchange their currencies for dollars, again in order to earn higher interest rates.As international money flows into the United States, the money supply will expand more quickly than the government desired. This will frustrate the government’s policy objectives and may force it to tighten the money supply even more. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, making it more difficult to sell U.S. exports. In sum, the internationalization of money is one more problem the federal government has to worry about when it conducts monetary policy
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