Curriculum and Teaching
School art curricula are experiencing a conceptual shift that reflects post-modern practices of contemporary artists. This change in emphasis reflects a re-conceptual- ization in the field of art education character- ized by a shift in curriculum from traditional modes of artmaking to a more critical, socially responsible, historical, political, and self-reflexive engagement with art and visual culture (Carpenter & Tavin, 2009). This plurality of approaches includes visual and material culture studies, arts-based research, community-based pedagogy, place-based art education, and eco-art education (Graham, 2007). The notion of a formal, abstracted, universal artistic language that was so compelling for Bauhaus artists does not have the same urgency that it did when abstrac- tion promised a new language of artistic expression (Dickerman, 2009). Formalism
as a universal language of visual art seems limited in the context of the diversity of contemporary art (Gude, 2004). Instead, what is important is how content is located in meaningful contexts that connect to chil- dren’s and teachers’ lives (Gude, 2000).
Teaching and learning are complex enterprises, involving freedom and restraints, definitions and ambiguities. Carefully defined constraints can yield valuable
fruits. For example, the rigorous bound- aries imposed by sports, drama, or dance
can provide scaffolding for physical, social, and artistic development. Similarly, artists’ practices are formed within or in opposi- tion to artistic traditions and conventions (Graham, 2003). There is a generative tension between structure and openness in designing curriculum and learning environments.
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