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Acetylcholinesterase is found in ma

Acetylcholinesterase is found in mammals, amphibians, fish, reptiles, and birds. 12 In these organisms, the binding of AChE with malathion allows the accumulation of ACh at the nerve junction. This accumulation of ACh leads to overstimulation of glandular cells, autonomic ganglia, the central nervous system, and both smooth and skeletal muscles. 9
Uptake and metabolism of organophosphates such as malathion are similar in insects and mammals. 13
Mammals and birds have greater carboxylesterase activity relative to levels in insects. This enables birds and mammals to degrade malathion more quickly than it is oxidized to the malaoxon form. Higher vertebrates therefore detoxify and excrete malathion more readily than do insects. This accounts for the relatively low toxicity of malathion to mammals and birds. 10,14,15
Greater carboxylesterase production with consequent increased detoxification of malathion appears to be the underlying mechanism in resistant insect pests. 15
Microorganisms such as bacteria may use malathion as a source of carbon and phosphorus. 15
Plants metabolize malathion to malaoxon although this appears to be a minor pathway, and maloaxon is rapidly eliminated. 5,15 Malathion is not expected to be toxic to plants or aquatic algae because its mode of action targets nervous systems. 1
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乙酰胆碱酯酶在哺乳动物、 两栖动物、 鱼类、 爬行动物和鸟类中找到。12 在这些生物,疼痛与马拉硫磷的绑定允许积累的 ACh 交界处神经。这积累的 ACh 导致腺体细胞、 自主神经节、 中枢神经系统、 和平滑和骨骼肌肉的操劳。9
在昆虫和哺乳动物类似摄取和代谢的有机磷农药马拉硫磷等。13
哺乳动物和鸟类有更大的羧酸酯酶活性昆虫的水平。这使鸟类和哺乳动物比它氧化成 malaoxon 窗体快速降解马拉硫磷更多。高等脊椎动物因此解毒和排泄马拉硫磷比做昆虫更容易。这占到哺乳动物和鸟类的马拉硫磷毒性相对较低。10,14、 15
更多羧酸酯酶生产与由此增加解毒的马拉硫磷似乎在抗性害虫的潜在机制。15
细菌等微生物可能使用马拉硫磷作为碳和磷的来源。15
植物代谢马拉硫磷对 malaoxon 虽然这似乎是一个次要的途径,和 maloaxon 迅速消除了。之内 5,15 马拉硫磷预计不会有毒的植物或水生藻类,因为它的行动模式为目标的中枢神经系统。1
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Acetylcholinesterase is found in mammals, amphibians, fish, reptiles, and birds. 12 In these organisms, the binding of AChE with malathion allows the accumulation of ACh at the nerve junction. This accumulation of ACh leads to overstimulation of glandular cells, autonomic ganglia, the central nervous system, and both smooth and skeletal muscles. 9
Uptake and metabolism of organophosphates such as malathion are similar in insects and mammals. 13
Mammals and birds have greater carboxylesterase activity relative to levels in insects. This enables birds and mammals to degrade malathion more quickly than it is oxidized to the malaoxon form. Higher vertebrates therefore detoxify and excrete malathion more readily than do insects. This accounts for the relatively low toxicity of malathion to mammals and birds. 10,14,15
Greater carboxylesterase production with consequent increased detoxification of malathion appears to be the underlying mechanism in resistant insect pests. 15
Microorganisms such as bacteria may use malathion as a source of carbon and phosphorus. 15
Plants metabolize malathion to malaoxon although this appears to be a minor pathway, and maloaxon is rapidly eliminated. 5,15 Malathion is not expected to be toxic to plants or aquatic algae because its mode of action targets nervous systems. 1
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乙酰胆碱酯酶是发现在哺乳动物,两栖动物,爬行动物,鸟类,鱼类。12在这些生物中,马拉硫磷AChE的结合允许的乙酰胆碱的积累在神经结。这的乙酰胆碱的积累导致的腺细胞,刺激交感神经节,中枢神经系统,与光滑和骨骼肌。9。吸收的有机磷农药如马拉硫磷在昆虫和哺乳动物的代谢是相似的。13
哺乳动物和鸟类有更大的羧酸酯酶活性水平相对昆虫。这使鸟类和哺乳动物降解马拉硫磷的速度比它被氧化成malaoxon形式。因此,高等脊椎动物的解毒和排泄马拉硫磷更容易做的昆虫。这个账户的马拉硫磷对哺乳动物和鸟类的毒性相对较低。
10,14,15羧酸酯酶生产造成较大的马拉硫磷解毒的增加似乎是在抗性害虫的潜在机制。15
微生物如细菌可以使用马拉硫磷作为碳和磷源。15。植物代谢马拉硫磷malaoxon虽然这似乎是一个小的途径,并maloaxon迅速消除。、马拉硫磷预计不会对植物或水生藻类的毒性由于其作用靶点的神经系统模式。1
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