Bacterial taxonomy is a scientifically dynamic area, whose main goal is to give a
clear phylogenetic picture of microorganisms, and is an important tool for
researchers, scientists and the biotechnological industries. Recent rapid develop-
ments in molecular biological techniques, the automation of DNA sequencing,
advances in bioinformatic tools and access to sequence databases, has now made it
possible for the first time to reveal the microbial ‘identity’ of microorganisms and
has regenerated the study of taxonomy in terms of continuous reclassifications.
Since its discovery, the AAB group has been rearranged several times, with divi-
sion, renaming, restoration and emendation of genera and species. The taxonomic
grouping of AAB originated in 1837 when Kützing, who first observed the organ-
isms in vinegar, described them as a kind of alga and named them Ulvina aceti
(quoted in Asai, 1968).
Nowadays, ten genera of the Acetobacteraceae family are grouped under the
collective name ‘acetic acid bacteria’ (class α-Proteobacteria): Acetobacter,
Acidomonas, Asaia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Granulibacter, Kozakia,
Neoasaia, Saccharibacter and Swaminathania, and one genus, Frateuria, of the
family Xanthomonadaceae (class γ-Proteobacteria). A phylogenetic tree showing
relationships of type strains of the family Acetobacteraceae is shown in Figure 3.2.
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