Food Uses of CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are widely used in the food industry because of their physical and chemical properties. The sweet taste of sucrose, glucose, and fructose is used to improve the palatability of many foods. Lactose is used in the manufacture of cheese food, is a milk solids replacer in the manufacture of frozen desserts, and is used as a binder in the making of pills/tablets.Another useful aspect of some carbohydrates is their chemical reducing capability. Sugars with a free hemiacetal group can readily donate an electron to another molecule. Glucose, fructose, maltose, and lactose are all reducing sugars. Sucrose or table sugar is not a reducing sugar because it's component monosaccharides are bonded to each other through their hemiacetal group. Reducing sugars react with the amino acid lysine in a reaction called the Maillard reaction. This common browning reaction produced by heating the food (baking, roasting, or frying) is necessary for the production of the aromas, colors, and flavors in caramels, chocolate, coffee, and tea. This non-enzymatic browning reaction differs from the enzymatic browning that occurs with fresh-cut fruit and vegetables, such as apples and potatoes. Carbohydrates can protect frozen foods from undesirable textural and structural changes by retarding ice crystal formation. Polysaccharides can bind water and are used to thicken liquids and to form gels in sauces, gravies, soups, gelatin desserts, and candies like jelly beans and orange slices. They are also used to stabilize dispersions, suspensions, and emulsions in foods like ice cream, infant formulas, dairy desserts, creamy salad dressings, jellies and jams, and candy. Starches are used as binders, adhesives, moisture retainers, texturizers, and thickeners in foods. QUESTIONS:1. What are the important roles of carbohydrates in food processing?
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