When the air–fuel ratio is RICHER than the stoichiometric air–fuel ratio the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas in reduced and the oxygen sensor informs the ECM of the RICH condition (large electromotiveforce: 1V). The ECM judges by the electromotive force from the oxygen sensor whether the air–fuel ratiois RICH or LEAN and controls the injection time accordingly. However, if malfunction of the oxygen sensorcauses output of abnormal electromotive force, the ECM is unable to perform accurate air–fuel ratio control.The heated oxygen sensors include a heater which heats the Zirconia element. The heater is controlled bythe ECM. When the intake air volume is low (the temp. of the exhaust gas is low) current flows to the heaterto heat the sensor for accurate oxygen concentration detection.
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