DATA SOURCEThe data to be analyzed were originally collected as part of employee surveys conductedby ISR LLC, between 1992 and 2002. A total of 20,270 self-administered surveys was availablefor analysis. A total of 19 countries on five continents is represented in these data.Europe is somewhat overrepresented, with data contributed from 9 countries. Seven Asiancountries are additionally represented, along with 1 country each from North and SouthAmerica, plus Australia. The specific countries included are as follows: Australia, Belgium,Brazil, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan,Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Turkey, and the UnitedKingdom. The number of respondents within each of these countries is reported in Table 1.All respondents completed a common core set of questions using 5-point Likert-typeresponse scales. As these were employee surveys, the questionnaire content was largelyrestricted to questions concerned with employee satisfaction and work environment (thespecific wording of sample questions examined is available from the authors). Although theprecise number of questions varied somewhat across countries, the average number of itemsincluded in each questionnaire was approximately 120. Most items were closed-ended andemployed 5-point Likert-type response formats. The predominant response format was thefollowing: disagree, tend to disagree, unsure, tend to agree, agree. Two less commonlyemployed response formats included (a) very poor, poor, adequate, good, very good, and (b)very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, neither,satisfied, very satisfied. Only items using the disagreeto-agreeformat were included in these analyses. Questions were worded in a similar mannerand direction across all countries.1 Additional information was available with regard to severalperson-level characteristics, including age, gender, and length of employment.
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