Theoretical analyses of particle coagulation processes predict that aggregateformation depends on the probability of particle collision and on the efficiency withwhich two particles that collide stick together afterwards (stickiness).14,15 The formeris a function of particle concentration, size, and the mechanism by which particlesare brought into contact, for example, Brownian motion, shear or the differentialsettlement of particles. The latter depends mainly on the physicochemical propertiesof the particle surface and may vary with the particle type. Particle collision does notnecessarily result in aggregation, as the stickiness or sticking efficiency is often only10% or less but can increase up to 60% depending on the particle type involved.
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