Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9

Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, Guinness World Records cited her as the most awarded female act of all time.[1] Houston was one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 200 million records worldwide.[2][3] She released six studio albums, one holiday album and three movie soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know",[4] influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.[5][6]

Houston is the only artist to chart seven consecutive No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hits.[7] She is the second artist behind Elton John and the only woman to have two number-one Billboard 200 Album awards (formerly "Top Pop Albums") on the Billboard magazine year-end charts.[8] Houston's 1985 debut album Whitney Houston became the best-selling debut album by a woman in history.[9] Rolling Stone named it the best album of 1986, and ranked it at number 254 on the magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[9] Her second studio album Whitney (1987) became the first album by a woman to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart.[9]

Houston's first acting role was as the star of the feature film The Bodyguard (1992). The film's original soundtrack won the 1994 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Its lead single, "I Will Always Love You", became the best-selling single by a woman in music history. With the album, Houston became the first act (solo or group, male or female) to sell more than a million copies of an album within a single week period under Nielsen SoundScan system.[9] The album makes her the top female act in the top 10 list of the best-selling albums of all time, at number four. Houston continued to star in movies and contribute to their soundtracks, including the films Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). The Preacher's Wife soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album in history.[10]

On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead in her guest room at The Beverly Hilton, in Beverly Hills, California. The official coroner's report showed that she had accidentally drowned in the bathtub, with heart disease and cocaine use listed as contributing factors.[11] News of her death coincided with the 2012 Grammy Awards and featured prominently in American and international media.[12]

Contents [hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 1963–84: Early life and career beginnings
1.2 1985–86: Rise to international prominence
1.3 1987–91: Whitney, I'm Your Baby Tonight and "The Star Spangled Banner"
1.4 1992–94: Marriage to Bobby Brown and The Bodyguard
1.5 1995–97: Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, and Cinderella
1.6 1998–2000: My Love Is Your Love and Whitney: The Greatest Hits
1.7 2000–05: Just Whitney and personal struggles
1.8 2006–12: Return to music, I Look to You, tour and film comeback
2 Death
2.1 Reaction
2.1.1 Pre-Grammy party
2.1.2 Further reaction and tributes
3 Artistry and legacy
3.1 Voice
3.2 Influence
3.3 Awards and achievements
4 Discography
5 Filmography
6 Tours and concerts
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Life and career
1963–84: Early life and career beginnings
Whitney Houston was born on August 9, 1963 in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey.[13] She was the daughter of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 – February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Emily "Cissy" (Drinkard) Houston.[14] Her elder brother Michael is a singer, and her elder half-brother is former basketball player Gary Garland.[15][16] Her parents were both African American, and she was also said to have Native American and Dutch ancestry.[17] Through her mother, Houston was a first cousin of singers Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick. Her godmother was Darlene Love[18] and her honorary aunt was Aretha Franklin.[19][20] She met her honorary aunt at age 8, or 9, when her mother took her to a recording studio.[21] Houston was raised a Baptist, but was also exposed to the Pentecostal church. After the 1967 Newark riots, the family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey, when she was four.[22]

At the age of 11, Houston started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, where she also learned to play the piano.[23] Her first solo performance in the church was "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah".[24] When Houston was a teenager, she attended Mount Saint Dominic Academy, a Catholic girls' high school in Caldwell, New Jersey, where she met her best friend Robyn Crawford, whom she described as the "sister she never had".[25] While Houston was still in school, her mother continued to teach her how to sing.[5] Houston was also exposed to the music of Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, and Roberta Flack, most of whom would have an influence on her as a singer and performer.[26]

Houston spent some of her teenage years touring nightclubs where her mother Cissy was performing, and she would occasionally get on stage and perform with her. In 1977, at age 14, she became a backup singer on the Michael Zager Band's single "Life's a Party".[27] In 1978, at age 15, Houston sang background vocals on Chaka Khan's hit single "I'm Every Woman", a song she would later turn into a larger hit for herself on her monster-selling The Bodyguard soundtrack album.[28][29] She also sang back-up on albums by Lou Rawls and Jermaine Jackson.[28]

In the early 1980s, Houston started working as a fashion model after a photographer saw her at Carnegie Hall singing with her mother. She appeared in Seventeen[30] and became one of the first women of color to grace the cover of the magazine.[31] She was also featured in layouts in the pages of Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Young Miss, and appeared in a Canada Dry soft drink TV commercial.[28] Her looks and girl-next-door charm made her one of the most sought after teen models of that time.[28] While modeling, she continued her burgeoning recording career by working with producers Michael Beinhorn, Bill Laswell and Martin Bisi on an album they were spearheading called One Down, which was credited to the group Material. For that project, Houston contributed the ballad "Memories", a cover of a song by Hugh Hopper of Soft Machine. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called her contribution "one of the most gorgeous ballads you've ever heard."[32] She also appeared as a lead vocalist on one track on a Paul Jabara album, entitled Paul Jabara and Friends, released by Columbia Records in 1983.[33]

Houston had previously been offered several recording agencies (Michael Zager in 1980, and Elektra Records in 1981), however her mother declined the offers stating her daughter must first complete high school.[27][34] In 1983, Gerry Griffith, an A&R representative from Arista Records, saw her performing with her mother in a New York City nightclub and was impressed. He convinced Arista's head Clive Davis to make time to see Houston perform. Davis too was impressed and offered a worldwide recording contract which Houston signed. Later that year, she made her national televised debut alongside Davis on The Merv Griffin Show.[35]

Houston signed with Arista in 1983, but did not begin work on her album immediately.[1] The label wanted to make sure no other label signed the singer away. Davis wanted to ensure he had the right material and producers for Houston's debut album. Some producers had to pass on the project due to prior commitments.[36] Houston first recorded a duet with Teddy Pendergrass entitled "Hold Me" which appeared on his album, Love Language.[37] The single was released in 1984 and gave Houston her first taste of success, becoming a Top 5 R&B hit.[38] It would also appear on her debut album in 1985.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Whitney Elizabeth Houston (9 tháng 8 năm 1963-11 tháng 2 năm 2012) là một ca sĩ, nữ diễn viên, nhà sản xuất và mô hình. Trong năm 2009, kỷ lục thế giới Guinness trích dẫn của cô như hầu hết các trao tỷ hành động của mọi thời đại.[1] Houston là một nghệ sĩ âm nhạc bán chạy nhất của thế giới, đã bán được hơn 200 triệu bản trên toàn thế giới.[2][3] cô phát hành sáu album phòng thu, một kỳ nghỉ album và ba bộ phim nhạc album, tất cả đều có chứng nhận kim cương, bạch, bạch kim hay vàng. Houston chéo kháng cáo trên các bảng xếp hạng âm nhạc phổ biến, cũng như của cô trở nên nổi tiếng trên MTV, bắt đầu với video của mình cho "Làm sao tôi biết", [4] ảnh hưởng đến một số người Mỹ gốc Phi nữ nghệ sĩ làm theo trong bước chân của cô.[5][6]Houston là nghệ sĩ duy nhất vào bảng xếp hạng bảy số truy cập số 1 Billboard Hot 100 liên tiếp.[7] cô là nghệ sĩ thứ hai đằng sau Elton John và những người phụ nữ chỉ có hai số một Billboard 200 Album giải thưởng (trước đây là "Top Pop Album") trên bảng xếp hạng cuối năm tạp chí Billboard.[8] Houston năm 1985 trong album Whitney Houston trở thành album đầu tay bán chạy nhất của một người phụ nữ trong lịch sử.[9] Rolling Stone đặt tên nó là album xuất sắc nhất năm 1986, và xếp hạng nó số 254 của tạp chí danh sách 500 vĩ đại nhất album của tất cả thời gian.[9] album phòng thu thứ hai Whitney (1987) trở thành album đầu tiên của một người phụ nữ để ra mắt tại số một trên bảng xếp hạng album Billboard 200.[9]Vai diễn đầu tiên của Houston là ngôi sao của phim The Bodyguard (1992). Ban đầu bộ phim giành được giải giải Grammy năm 1994 cho Album của năm. Đầu tiên của nó duy nhất, "I Will Always Love You", trở thành đĩa đơn bán chạy nhất của một người phụ nữ trong lịch sử âm nhạc. Với album, Houston trở thành hành động đầu tiên (solo hoặc nhóm, Nam hay nữ) để bán hơn một triệu bản sao của một album trong vòng một khoảng thời gian duy nhất tuần theo Nielsen SoundScan hệ thống.[9] album làm cho cô ấy hành động nữ hàng đầu trong danh sách top 10 trong những album bán chạy nhất mọi thời đại, số 4. Houston tiếp tục để ngôi sao trong phim và đóng góp cho nhạc phim của họ, bao gồm cả những bộ phim đang chờ cho xông lên (1995) và The nhà thuyết giáo của vợ (1996). Của nhà thuyết giáo vợ nhạc trở thành phúc âm album bán chạy nhất trong lịch sử.[10]Ngày 11 tháng 2 năm 2012, Houston đã được tìm thấy chết trong phòng của mình tại The Beverly Hilton, tại Beverly Hills, California. Coroner chính thức báo cáo cho thấy rằng cô đã vô tình chết đuối trong bồn tắm, với bệnh tim và cocain sử dụng liệt kê như đóng góp các yếu tố.[11] tin tức về cái chết của cô trùng với Lễ trao giải Grammy năm 2012 và đặc trưng nổi bật trong phương tiện truyền thông người Mỹ và quốc tế.[12]Nội dung [ẩn] 1 cuộc đời và sự nghiệp1.1 1963-84: cuộc đời và sự nghiệp bắt đầu1.2 1985-86: tăng trở nên nổi tiếng quốc tế1.3 năm 1987-91: Whitney, tôi là em bé của bạn đêm nay và "Star Spangled Banner"1.4 1992–94: Marriage to Bobby Brown and The Bodyguard1.5 1995–97: Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, and Cinderella1.6 1998–2000: My Love Is Your Love and Whitney: The Greatest Hits1.7 2000–05: Just Whitney and personal struggles1.8 2006–12: Return to music, I Look to You, tour and film comeback2 Death2.1 Reaction2.1.1 Pre-Grammy party2.1.2 Further reaction and tributes3 Artistry and legacy3.1 Voice3.2 Influence3.3 Awards and achievements4 Discography5 Filmography6 Tours and concerts7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External linksLife and career1963–84: Early life and career beginningsWhitney Houston was born on August 9, 1963 in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey.[13] She was the daughter of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 – February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Emily "Cissy" (Drinkard) Houston.[14] Her elder brother Michael is a singer, and her elder half-brother is former basketball player Gary Garland.[15][16] Her parents were both African American, and she was also said to have Native American and Dutch ancestry.[17] Through her mother, Houston was a first cousin of singers Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick. Her godmother was Darlene Love[18] and her honorary aunt was Aretha Franklin.[19][20] She met her honorary aunt at age 8, or 9, when her mother took her to a recording studio.[21] Houston was raised a Baptist, but was also exposed to the Pentecostal church. After the 1967 Newark riots, the family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey, when she was four.[22]At the age of 11, Houston started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, where she also learned to play the piano.[23] Her first solo performance in the church was "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah".[24] When Houston was a teenager, she attended Mount Saint Dominic Academy, a Catholic girls' high school in Caldwell, New Jersey, where she met her best friend Robyn Crawford, whom she described as the "sister she never had".[25] While Houston was still in school, her mother continued to teach her how to sing.[5] Houston was also exposed to the music of Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, and Roberta Flack, most of whom would have an influence on her as a singer and performer.[26]
Houston spent some of her teenage years touring nightclubs where her mother Cissy was performing, and she would occasionally get on stage and perform with her. In 1977, at age 14, she became a backup singer on the Michael Zager Band's single "Life's a Party".[27] In 1978, at age 15, Houston sang background vocals on Chaka Khan's hit single "I'm Every Woman", a song she would later turn into a larger hit for herself on her monster-selling The Bodyguard soundtrack album.[28][29] She also sang back-up on albums by Lou Rawls and Jermaine Jackson.[28]

In the early 1980s, Houston started working as a fashion model after a photographer saw her at Carnegie Hall singing with her mother. She appeared in Seventeen[30] and became one of the first women of color to grace the cover of the magazine.[31] She was also featured in layouts in the pages of Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Young Miss, and appeared in a Canada Dry soft drink TV commercial.[28] Her looks and girl-next-door charm made her one of the most sought after teen models of that time.[28] While modeling, she continued her burgeoning recording career by working with producers Michael Beinhorn, Bill Laswell and Martin Bisi on an album they were spearheading called One Down, which was credited to the group Material. For that project, Houston contributed the ballad "Memories", a cover of a song by Hugh Hopper of Soft Machine. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called her contribution "one of the most gorgeous ballads you've ever heard."[32] She also appeared as a lead vocalist on one track on a Paul Jabara album, entitled Paul Jabara and Friends, released by Columbia Records in 1983.[33]

Houston had previously been offered several recording agencies (Michael Zager in 1980, and Elektra Records in 1981), however her mother declined the offers stating her daughter must first complete high school.[27][34] In 1983, Gerry Griffith, an A&R representative from Arista Records, saw her performing with her mother in a New York City nightclub and was impressed. He convinced Arista's head Clive Davis to make time to see Houston perform. Davis too was impressed and offered a worldwide recording contract which Houston signed. Later that year, she made her national televised debut alongside Davis on The Merv Griffin Show.[35]

Houston signed with Arista in 1983, but did not begin work on her album immediately.[1] The label wanted to make sure no other label signed the singer away. Davis wanted to ensure he had the right material and producers for Houston's debut album. Some producers had to pass on the project due to prior commitments.[36] Houston first recorded a duet with Teddy Pendergrass entitled "Hold Me" which appeared on his album, Love Language.[37] The single was released in 1984 and gave Houston her first taste of success, becoming a Top 5 R&B hit.[38] It would also appear on her debut album in 1985.