K is from the German word kurz, meaning short, L is from the German word lang, meaning long. An atom is shown
schematically in Fig. 8.1(a), with FK, FL, and FM representing the energy of the K, L,
and M shells, respectively. A partial list of elements and their electron configurations is
given in Table 8.1. For example, a sodium atom contains filled K and L shells and one
electron in the M shell.
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