These and other examples illustrate the point that Vietnam’s large SOEs are profit-seeking, but that their corporate strategies are heavily driven by the imperative to maintain investment and to diversify into a wide range of sectors and activities. Easy access to state capital provides the means for these companies to maintain high levels of investment. Control over government-owned land opens up investment opportunities that are closed off to most private firms because land is either too expensive or administratively difficult to obtain. Land also makes state corporations attractive joint venture partners for foreign companies. Control over domestic markets and natural resources like oil, minerals and agricultural land, or monopoly or oligopoly control over domestic markets, generates revenue flows to service debt. The absence of rigorous reporting requirements facilitates the process. VNA, Petro-Vietnam and Vinashin, like most state corporations, do not regularly publish annual reports, balance sheets, or cash flow statements. Each year the State Audit reviews the performance of selected state companies, but these reports are not made available to the public. The government routinely admonishes the press to avoid negative reporting on the state conglomerates.
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