Most people can remember a phone nu

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.* Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory.* A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". *This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.*

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Hầu hết mọi người có thể nhớ một số điện thoại cho lên đến ba mươi giây. Khi khoảng thời gian ngắn này thường, Tuy nhiên, những con số được xoá hoàn toàn khỏi bộ nhớ. Làm thế nào đã làm các thông tin có tại địa điểm đầu tiên? Thông tin mà làm cho đường tới bộ nhớ ngắn hạn (STM) làm điều đó thông qua khu vực cảm giác lí. Não bộ có một bộ lọc mà chỉ cho phép kích thích đó là quan tâm ngay lập tức để vượt qua để STM, còn được gọi là bộ nhớ làm việc.Có rất nhiều cuộc tranh luận về công suất và thời gian của bộ nhớ ngắn hạn. Hầu hết các chấp nhận lý thuyết đến từ George A. Miller, một nhà tâm lý học nhận thức người đề nghị rằng con người có thể nhớ khoảng bảy khối của thông tin. Một đoạn được định nghĩa là một đơn vị có ý nghĩa của thông tin, chẳng hạn như một từ hoặc tên thay vì chỉ một chữ cái hoặc số. Các nhà lý thuyết hiện đại cho thấy rằng một trong những có thể tăng năng lực của bộ nhớ ngắn hạn bởi chunking, hoặc phân loại thông tin tương tự với nhau. Bằng cách tổ chức thông tin, một trong những có thể tối ưu hóa STM, và cải thiện cơ hội của một bộ nhớ được thông qua ngày để lưu trữ dài hạn.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly.* Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory.* A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". *This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.*Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.