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Assorted Notes for BatchingThe asso
Assorted Notes for Batching
The assorted notes below were taken from telephone conversations I had with Mark Peiser back in 70's. The notes were scribbled on a yellow pad and were answers Mark had for the questions I thre^ him. His answers to those long forgotten questions were very helpful in solving many of my batcf problems. All I knew at the time was what I figured out from Scholes' Modern Glass Practice. Mark had practical know-how and that was what I needed; indeed it is what we all need, someone that has been th and done it. I have left the notes in the book in their original form as Mark's information then is still applies in many instances today. It is obvious that some of the statements are rather enigmatic and ambiguouj one does not know what the question is. It's sort of a Jeopardy game for glass artists, but maybe you'll h that question and find the answer here.
Notes on Phosphate Opals
1. For good phosphate opals, remove tri-calcium phosphate and replace with tri-Sodium phosphate. Do recalculate. Use anhydrous TSP.
2. Borea promotes phase separation of phosphate and silica; this is good. Some borax should be usee making a phosphate opal.
3. Mono-calcium phosphate or tri-sodium phosphate will give an alumina phosphate which retards opac Alumina goes into secondary phase.
4. Strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate will go into phosphate phase and help prevent devitrificat without damaging opacity. It will take glass toward red transmission and away from blue transmissio
5. Barium in phosphate opal increases opacity and reduces devitrification.
6. Mono-calcium phosphate above 12% is no good.
7. B20 increases opacity, decreases scumming, decreases viscosity, and decreases expansion, but incrc ing B20 beyond a certain point will screw up phosphate opals. This is true.
8. An increase of strontium to high percentages shows no visible effect on glass, and it may help in st: ing.
9. Zinc creates no apparent change but helps workability.
10. Dolomitic limestone may retard striking.
11. Lithium eliminates scum and helps in the melt. Keep lithium under 1%.
12. Strontium seems to help color formation. Start at 4% and increase by 2s.
Assorted Information
Potash, Soda ratio—substitute soda for potash to decrease surface tension. Some Lithium will help. 1 l will make a glass with a low viscosity. Low viscosity glasses attack refractories. Increase the fluoride coni when adding lithium to retain opacity.
Sodium nitrate starts the melting process at a lower temperature. It is also an oxidizing agent. It helps m copper blue. If you are making red glass do NOT use sodium nitrate.
Fining
Sodium sulfate helps in fining; use H %.
Use Arsenic for fining V % is adequate (ARSENIC IS VERY DEADLY); don’t use if you can avoid it. Antimony, XA to Vz %. Should use some niter when using antimony (ANTIMONY IS VERY DANGEROI Antimony is a multivalent element, being monovalent at high temperatures and pentavalent below 210C This allows the material to absorb gasses back into solution once the melt is completed and cooled. A 1 fluorspar opens the network while helping durability and workability.
TRANG 31
The assorted notes below were taken from telephone conversations I had with Mark Peiser back in 70's. The notes were scribbled on a yellow pad and were answers Mark had for the questions I thre^ him. His answers to those long forgotten questions were very helpful in solving many of my batcf problems. All I knew at the time was what I figured out from Scholes' Modern Glass Practice. Mark had practical know-how and that was what I needed; indeed it is what we all need, someone that has been th and done it. I have left the notes in the book in their original form as Mark's information then is still applies in many instances today. It is obvious that some of the statements are rather enigmatic and ambiguouj one does not know what the question is. It's sort of a Jeopardy game for glass artists, but maybe you'll h that question and find the answer here.
Notes on Phosphate Opals
1. For good phosphate opals, remove tri-calcium phosphate and replace with tri-Sodium phosphate. Do recalculate. Use anhydrous TSP.
2. Borea promotes phase separation of phosphate and silica; this is good. Some borax should be usee making a phosphate opal.
3. Mono-calcium phosphate or tri-sodium phosphate will give an alumina phosphate which retards opac Alumina goes into secondary phase.
4. Strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate will go into phosphate phase and help prevent devitrificat without damaging opacity. It will take glass toward red transmission and away from blue transmissio
5. Barium in phosphate opal increases opacity and reduces devitrification.
6. Mono-calcium phosphate above 12% is no good.
7. B20 increases opacity, decreases scumming, decreases viscosity, and decreases expansion, but incrc ing B20 beyond a certain point will screw up phosphate opals. This is true.
8. An increase of strontium to high percentages shows no visible effect on glass, and it may help in st: ing.
9. Zinc creates no apparent change but helps workability.
10. Dolomitic limestone may retard striking.
11. Lithium eliminates scum and helps in the melt. Keep lithium under 1%.
12. Strontium seems to help color formation. Start at 4% and increase by 2s.
Assorted Information
Potash, Soda ratio—substitute soda for potash to decrease surface tension. Some Lithium will help. 1 l will make a glass with a low viscosity. Low viscosity glasses attack refractories. Increase the fluoride coni when adding lithium to retain opacity.
Sodium nitrate starts the melting process at a lower temperature. It is also an oxidizing agent. It helps m copper blue. If you are making red glass do NOT use sodium nitrate.
Fining
Sodium sulfate helps in fining; use H %.
Use Arsenic for fining V % is adequate (ARSENIC IS VERY DEADLY); don’t use if you can avoid it. Antimony, XA to Vz %. Should use some niter when using antimony (ANTIMONY IS VERY DANGEROI Antimony is a multivalent element, being monovalent at high temperatures and pentavalent below 210C This allows the material to absorb gasses back into solution once the melt is completed and cooled. A 1 fluorspar opens the network while helping durability and workability.
TRANG 31
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Các ghi chú các loại nhất định lượngCác ghi chú các loại dưới đây được lấy từ cuộc hội thoại điện thoại tôi đã có với Mark Peiser trở lại trong 70 's. Các ghi chú được viết vội vào một pad màu vàng và đã là câu trả lời Mark có cho những câu hỏi tôi thre ^ anh ta. Câu trả lời của mình cho những câu hỏi lâu quên rất hữu ích trong việc giải quyết nhiều vấn đề batcf của tôi. Tất cả tôi biết lúc đó là những gì tôi đã tìm ra từ Scholes' thực hành kính hiện đại. Mark đã biết làm thế nào thực tế và đó là những gì tôi cần thiết; Thật vậy, nó là những gì tất cả chúng ta cần, một ai đó mà đã là th và thực hiện nó. Tôi đã để lại các ghi chú trong cuốn sách ở dạng ban đầu của họ như Mark's thông tin sau đó là vẫn còn áp dụng trong nhiều trường hợp hôm nay. Nó là hiển nhiên rằng một số những điều khoản được khá bí ẩn và ambiguouj một không biết những gì các câu hỏi là. Nó là loại một nguy cơ trò chơi cho các nghệ sĩ thủy tinh, nhưng có lẽ bạn sẽ h mà câu hỏi và tìm câu trả lời ở đây.Ghi chú về ngọc mắt mèo phốt phát1. cho opals tốt phosphat, loại bỏ phốt phát tri-canxi và thay thế với tri-Dinatriyfosfat. Tính toán lại. Sử dụng muỗng cà phê Khan.2. Borea thúc đẩy phân chia giai đoạn phốt phát và silica; Việc này tốt. Một số borac nên là usee làm cho opal phốt phát.3. mono-canxi phốt phát hoặc tri-Dinatriyfosfat sẽ đưa ra một nhôm phốt phát chậm opac Alumina đi vào giai đoạn trung học.4. stronti nitrat hoặc stronti cacbonat sẽ đi vào giai đoạn phốt phát và giúp ngăn ngừa devitrificat mà không gây tổn hại opacity. Nó sẽ mất kính hướng tới đỏ truyền và ra khỏi màu xanh transmissio5. Bari ở phosphate opal làm tăng độ mờ và làm giảm devitrification.6. mono-canxi phốt phát trên 12% không đâu.7. B20 làm tăng độ mờ, giảm scumming, làm giảm độ nhớt, và giảm mở rộng, nhưng incrc ing B20 vượt quá một điểm nhất định sẽ vít lên phosphate ngọc mắt mèo. Điều này là đúng.8. tăng trưởng dân số stronti để tỷ lệ phần trăm cao cho thấy không có hiệu lực có thể nhìn thấy trên kính, và nó có thể giúp đỡ trong st: ing.9. kẽm tạo ra không có thay đổi rõ ràng nhưng giúp workability.10. dolomitic đá vôi có thể chậm nổi bật.11. lithium loại bỏ cặn bã và giúp trong tan chảy. Giữ lithium nhỏ hơn 1%.12. stronti có vẻ để giúp hình thành màu. Bắt đầu lúc 4% và tăng 2s.Các loại thông tinKali cacbonat, tỷ lệ Soda — thay thế soda cho kali để giảm sức căng bề mặt. Một số Lithium sẽ giúp. 1 l sẽ làm cho một ly với độ nhớt thấp. Độ nhớt thấp kính tấn công vật liệu chịu lửa. Tăng coni florua khi thêm lithium để giữ lại độ mờ.Natri nitrat bắt đầu quá trình nóng chảy ở nhiệt độ thấp. Nó cũng là một tác nhân ôxi hóa. Nó giúp m đồng màu xanh. Nếu bạn đang làm cho màu đỏ kính không sử dụng natri nitrat.FiningNatri sulfat giúp trong fining; sử dụng H %.Sử dụng asen nhất fining V % là đầy đủ (ASEN là rất chết người); không sử dụng nếu bạn có thể tránh nó. Antimon, XA đến Vz %. Nên sử dụng một số tiêu thạch khi sử dụng antimon (ANTIMON là rất DANGEROI antimon là một yếu tố multivalent, được monovalent ở nhiệt độ cao và pentavalent dưới 210C điều này cho phép các vật liệu hấp thụ khí trở lại giải pháp sau khi tan chảy hoàn thành và làm mát bằng nước. Một fluorspar 1 mở mạng trong khi giúp độ bền cao và workability.TRANG 31
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
Assorted Notes for Batching
The assorted notes below were taken from telephone conversations I had with Mark Peiser back in 70's. The notes were scribbled on a yellow pad and were answers Mark had for the questions I thre^ him. His answers to those long forgotten questions were very helpful in solving many of my batcf problems. All I knew at the time was what I figured out from Scholes' Modern Glass Practice. Mark had practical know-how and that was what I needed; indeed it is what we all need, someone that has been th and done it. I have left the notes in the book in their original form as Mark's information then is still applies in many instances today. It is obvious that some of the statements are rather enigmatic and ambiguouj one does not know what the question is. It's sort of a Jeopardy game for glass artists, but maybe you'll h that question and find the answer here.
Notes on Phosphate Opals
1. For good phosphate opals, remove tri-calcium phosphate and replace with tri-Sodium phosphate. Do recalculate. Use anhydrous TSP.
2. Borea promotes phase separation of phosphate and silica; this is good. Some borax should be usee making a phosphate opal.
3. Mono-calcium phosphate or tri-sodium phosphate will give an alumina phosphate which retards opac Alumina goes into secondary phase.
4. Strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate will go into phosphate phase and help prevent devitrificat without damaging opacity. It will take glass toward red transmission and away from blue transmissio
5. Barium in phosphate opal increases opacity and reduces devitrification.
6. Mono-calcium phosphate above 12% is no good.
7. B20 increases opacity, decreases scumming, decreases viscosity, and decreases expansion, but incrc ing B20 beyond a certain point will screw up phosphate opals. This is true.
8. An increase of strontium to high percentages shows no visible effect on glass, and it may help in st: ing.
9. Zinc creates no apparent change but helps workability.
10. Dolomitic limestone may retard striking.
11. Lithium eliminates scum and helps in the melt. Keep lithium under 1%.
12. Strontium seems to help color formation. Start at 4% and increase by 2s.
Assorted Information
Potash, Soda ratio—substitute soda for potash to decrease surface tension. Some Lithium will help. 1 l will make a glass with a low viscosity. Low viscosity glasses attack refractories. Increase the fluoride coni when adding lithium to retain opacity.
Sodium nitrate starts the melting process at a lower temperature. It is also an oxidizing agent. It helps m copper blue. If you are making red glass do NOT use sodium nitrate.
Fining
Sodium sulfate helps in fining; use H %.
Use Arsenic for fining V % is adequate (ARSENIC IS VERY DEADLY); don’t use if you can avoid it. Antimony, XA to Vz %. Should use some niter when using antimony (ANTIMONY IS VERY DANGEROI Antimony is a multivalent element, being monovalent at high temperatures and pentavalent below 210C This allows the material to absorb gasses back into solution once the melt is completed and cooled. A 1 fluorspar opens the network while helping durability and workability.
TRANG 31
The assorted notes below were taken from telephone conversations I had with Mark Peiser back in 70's. The notes were scribbled on a yellow pad and were answers Mark had for the questions I thre^ him. His answers to those long forgotten questions were very helpful in solving many of my batcf problems. All I knew at the time was what I figured out from Scholes' Modern Glass Practice. Mark had practical know-how and that was what I needed; indeed it is what we all need, someone that has been th and done it. I have left the notes in the book in their original form as Mark's information then is still applies in many instances today. It is obvious that some of the statements are rather enigmatic and ambiguouj one does not know what the question is. It's sort of a Jeopardy game for glass artists, but maybe you'll h that question and find the answer here.
Notes on Phosphate Opals
1. For good phosphate opals, remove tri-calcium phosphate and replace with tri-Sodium phosphate. Do recalculate. Use anhydrous TSP.
2. Borea promotes phase separation of phosphate and silica; this is good. Some borax should be usee making a phosphate opal.
3. Mono-calcium phosphate or tri-sodium phosphate will give an alumina phosphate which retards opac Alumina goes into secondary phase.
4. Strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate will go into phosphate phase and help prevent devitrificat without damaging opacity. It will take glass toward red transmission and away from blue transmissio
5. Barium in phosphate opal increases opacity and reduces devitrification.
6. Mono-calcium phosphate above 12% is no good.
7. B20 increases opacity, decreases scumming, decreases viscosity, and decreases expansion, but incrc ing B20 beyond a certain point will screw up phosphate opals. This is true.
8. An increase of strontium to high percentages shows no visible effect on glass, and it may help in st: ing.
9. Zinc creates no apparent change but helps workability.
10. Dolomitic limestone may retard striking.
11. Lithium eliminates scum and helps in the melt. Keep lithium under 1%.
12. Strontium seems to help color formation. Start at 4% and increase by 2s.
Assorted Information
Potash, Soda ratio—substitute soda for potash to decrease surface tension. Some Lithium will help. 1 l will make a glass with a low viscosity. Low viscosity glasses attack refractories. Increase the fluoride coni when adding lithium to retain opacity.
Sodium nitrate starts the melting process at a lower temperature. It is also an oxidizing agent. It helps m copper blue. If you are making red glass do NOT use sodium nitrate.
Fining
Sodium sulfate helps in fining; use H %.
Use Arsenic for fining V % is adequate (ARSENIC IS VERY DEADLY); don’t use if you can avoid it. Antimony, XA to Vz %. Should use some niter when using antimony (ANTIMONY IS VERY DANGEROI Antimony is a multivalent element, being monovalent at high temperatures and pentavalent below 210C This allows the material to absorb gasses back into solution once the melt is completed and cooled. A 1 fluorspar opens the network while helping durability and workability.
TRANG 31
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