By SubstitutionAs is well known, both chemical and physical properties of a polymer material may change with substitution. Consequently, soluble forms of various conjugated polymers have been prepared by grafting suitable side groups and/or side chains along their conjugated backbones. Examples include polyacetylene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline grafted derivatives (Ferraro, 1987).Polyacetylene derivatives: soluble poly(methylacetylene) and poly(phenylacetylene) have been synthesized (Yoshino, 1997). These polymers can be regarded as polyacetylene grafted with methyl or phenyl side groups. More recently, various soluble di-substituted polyacetylene derivatives, including poly(diphenylacetylene), poly(1-alkyl-2-phenylacetylene), poly(1-chloro-2-phenylacetylene) and poly[1-phenyl-2-p-(triphenylsilyl)phenylacetylene] have been synthesized to show electroluminescent properties (Chapter 9).Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives: PPV is one of the most studied polymers for electroluminescent applications. The most common method to prepare PPV is the so-called Wessling route (Wessling and Zimmerman, 1968, 1972) from the sulfonium precursor polymer [Equation (2.6)].
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