The use of multiple-choice testing

The use of multiple-choice testing in American society has its beginnings in the idea of a meritocracy that is a society where the rulers are chosen not through thier wealth or connections but on their ability or merit. This idea can be traced as far back as the ancient Greeks. Even the ancient Chinese create examinations for the purpose of electing government officials. The notion of a society based on merit has always been favored in the United States. This has also been a country where the belief in universal individual opportunity has been greatly admired.
Until the Second World War, however, talent selection through higher education, and the opportunity for ordinary citizens to achieve their goals were separate and unrelated ideas. The introduction of widespread testing which was both reliable and valid meant that both these goals could be pursued together. This opportunity occured when the United States entered the Second World War. The US navy decided to test recruits in order to find which of them were suitable for college eucation before beginning military service. The eventual aim was for these recruits to be better able to perform higher level military tasks.
Because of the large number of people who had to be tested it was necessary to use a test which could be wuickly and reliably administere and scored at several test sites stimultaneously. On April 2 nd 1943, the first mass testing was administered to 325,000 young men. The success of the program meant that educational testing could be performed not just for talent selection but to give opportunity to the large mass of ordinary zitizens.

Kết quả (Klingon) 1:

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