IFRS 1: First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting StandardsThis IAS contains amendments resulting from the adoption of Commission Regulations (EC) No. 2238/2004 of 29 December 2004 and No. 2236/2004 of 29 December 2004, Nr. 2237/2004 of 29 December 2004 and No. 2236/2004 of 29 December 2004.International Financial Reporting Standard 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 1) is set out in paragraphs 1-47 and Appendices A-C. All the paragraphs have equal authority. Paragraphs in bold type state the main principles. Terms defined in Appendix A are in italics the first time they appear in the Standard. Definitions of other terms are given in the Glossary for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS 1 should be read in the context of its objective and the Basis for Conclusions, the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors provides a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance. INTRODUCTION Reasons for issuing the IFRS IN1 The IFRS replaces SIC-8 First-time Application of IASs as the Primary Basis of Accounting. The Board developed this IFRS to address concerns that: (a) some aspects of SIC-8’s requirement for full retrospective application caused costs that exceeded the likely benefits for users of financial statements. Moreover, although SIC-8 did not require retrospective application when this would be impracticable, it did not explain whether a first-time adopter should interpret impracticability as a high hurdle or a low hurdle and it did not specify any particular treatment in cases of impracticability. (b) SIC-8 could require a first-time adopter to apply two different versions of a Standard if a new version were introduced during the periods covered by its first financial statements prepared under IASs and the new version prohibited retrospective application. (c) SIC-8 did not state clearly whether a first-time adopter should use hindsight in applying recognition and measurement decisions retrospectively. (d) there was some doubt about how SIC-8 interacted with specific transitional provisions in individual Standards. Main features of the IFRS IN2 The IFRS applies when an entity adopts IFRSs for the first time by an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs.IN3 In general, the IFRS requires an entity to comply with each IFRS effective at the reporting date for its first IFRS financial statements. In particular, the IFRS requires an entity to do the following in the opening IFRS balance sheet that it prepares as a starting point for its accounting under IFRSs: (a) recognise all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by IFRSs; (b) not recognise items as assets or liabilities if IFRSs do not permit such recognition; (c) reclassify items that it recognised under previous GAAP as one type of asset, liability or component of equity, but are a different type of asset, liability or component of equity under IFRSs; and (d) apply IFRSs in measuring all recognised assets and liabilities. IN4 The IFRS grants limited exemptions from these requirements in specified areas where the cost of complying with them would be likely to exceed the benefits to users of financial statements. The IFRS also prohibits retrospective application of IFRSs in some areas, particularly where retrospective application would require judgements by management about past conditions after the outcome of a particular transaction is already known. IN5 The IFRS requires disclosures that explain how the transition from previous GAAP to IFRSs affected the entity’s reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows. IN6 An entity is required to apply the IFRS if its first IFRS financial statements are for a period beginning on or after 1 January 2004. Earlier application is encouraged. Changes from previous requirements IN7 Like SIC-8, the IFRS requires retrospective application in most areas. Unlike SIC-8, the IFRS:(a) includes targeted exemptions to avoid costs that would be likely to exceed the benefits to users of financial statements, and a small number of other exceptions for practical reasons. (b) clarifies that an entity applies the latest version of IFRSs. (c) clarifies how a first-time adopter’s estimates under IFRSs relate to the estimates it made for the same date under previous GAAP. (d) specifies that the transitional provisions in other IFRSs do not apply to a first-time adopter. (e) requires enhanced disclosure about the transition to IFRSs.Objective1. The objective of this IFRS is to ensure that an entity’s first IFRS financial statements, and its interim financial reports for part of the period covered by those financial statements, contain high quality information that: (a) is transparent for users and comparable over all periods presented; (b) provides a suitable starting point for accounting under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs); and (c) can be generated at a cost that does not exceed the benefits to users. Scope2. An entity shall apply this IFRS in: (a) its first IFRS financial statements; and (b) each interim financial report, if any, that it presents under IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting for part of the period covered by its first IFRS financial statements. 3. An entity’s first IFRS financial statements are the first annual financial statements in which the entity adopts IFRSs, by an explicit and unreserved statement in those financial statements of compliance with IFRSs. Financial statements under IFRSs are an entity’s first IFRS financial statements if, for example, the entity: (a) presented its most recent previous financial statements:
(i) under national requirements that are not consistent with IFRSs in all respects;
(ii) in conformity with IFRSs in all respects, except that the financial statements did not contain an explicit and unreserved statement that they complied with IFRSs;
(iii) containing an explicit statement of compliance with some, but not all, IFRSs;
(iv) under national requirements inconsistent with IFRSs, using some individual IFRSs to account for items for which national requirements did not exist; or
(v) under national requirements, with a reconciliation of some amounts to the amounts determined under IFRSs;
(b) prepared financial statements under IFRSs for internal use only, without making them available to the entity’s owners or any other external users;
(c) prepared a reporting package under IFRSs for consolidation purposes without preparing a complete set of financial statements as defined in IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements; or
(d) did not present financial statements for previous periods.
4. This IFRS applies when an entity first adopts IFRSs. It does not apply when, for example, an entity:
(a) stops presenting financial statements under national requirements, having previously presented them as well as another set of financial statements that contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs;
(b) presented financial statements in the previous year under national requirements and those financial statements contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs; or
(c) presented financial statements in the previous year that contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs, even if the auditors qualified their audit report on those financial statements.
5. This IFRS does not apply to changes in accounting policies made by an entity that already applies IFRSs. Such changes are the subject of:
(a) requirements on changes in accounting policies in IAS 8 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Fundamental Errors and Changes in Accounting Policies; and
(b) specific transitional requirements in other IFRSs.
Recognition and Measurement
Opening IFRS balance sheet
6. An entity shall prepare an opening IFRS balance sheet at the date of transition to IFRSs. This is the starting point for its accounting under IFRSs. An entity need not present its opening IFRS balance sheet in its first IFRS financial statements.
Accounting policies
7. An entity shall use the same accounting policies in its opening IFRS balance sheet and throughout all periods presented in its first IFRS financial statements. Those accounting policies shall comply with each IFRS effective at the reporting date for its first IFRS financial statements, except as specified in paragraphs 13- 34.
8. An entity shall not apply different versions of IFRSs that were effective at earlier dates. An entity may apply a new IFRS that is not yet mandatory if it permits early application.
Example: Consistent application of latest version of IFRSs
BACKGROUND
The reporting date for entity A’s first IFRS financial statements is 31 December 2005. Entity A decides to present comparative information in those financial statements for one year only (see paragraph 36). Therefore, its date of transition to IFRSs is the beginning of business on 1 January 2004 (or, equivalently, close of business on 31 December 2003). Entity A presented financial statements under its previous GAAP annually to 31 December each year up to, and including, 31 December 2004.
APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS
Entity A is required to apply the IFRSs effective for periods ending on 31 December 2005 in:
(a) preparing its opening IFRS balance sheet at 1 January 2004; and
(b) preparing and presenting its balance sheet for 31 December 2005 (including comparative amounts for 2004), income statement, statement of changes in equity and cash flow statement for the year to 31 December 2005 (including comparative amounts for 2004) and disclosures (including comparative information for 2004).
If a new IFRS is not yet mandatory but permits early appli
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