A great deal of energy is released in the form ofheat in the oxidation of the carbon to carbon dioxideand the hydrogen to water vapor. If the organic materialis in a pile or is otherwise arranged to providesome insulation the temperature of the material duringfermentation can rise to over 158°F (70°C). If the temperatureexceeds 149°F (65°C) to 158°F (70°C), however,the bacterial activity is decreased and stabilizationis slowed down. When the temperature exceeds 113°F( 45°C), thermophilic organisms which grow and thrivein this temperature range develop and replace the mesophilicbacteria in fermenting the material. Only afew groups of thermophiles carry on any activity above149°F (65°C). Oxidation in thermophilic temperaturetakes place more rapidly than at mesophilic temperature,and, hence, shorter time is required for stabilization.Temperatures above 55°F will destroypathogenic bacteria and protozoa, hookworm eggs andweed seeds, which are detrimental to health and agriculturewhen the final compost is used on the land.
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