Accounting for Health Impactsof Climate Change © 2011 Asian Development BankAll rights reserved. Published in 2011. Printed in the PhilippinesISBN 978-92-9092-360-2Publication Stock No. RPT113738Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development BankAccounting for health impacts of climate change.Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2011.1. Health impact. 2. Climate change I. Asian Development Bank.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.Note:In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars.Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444Fax +63 2 636 2444www.adb.orgFor orders, please contact: Department of External Relations Fax +63 2 636 2648adbpub@adb.orgPrinted on recycled paper ContentsList of Tables, Figures, and Boxes ivAcknowledgments vAcronyms viExecutive Summary viiIntroduction 1Climate Change, Health, and Costs 3Climate Change and Health 3Health Costs of Climate Change 7Health in Sector Project Investments 12Managing the Health Impacts of Climate Change through Sector Projects 15Identifying and Quantifying the Health Impacts of Climate Change 15Monetizing Health Impacts in Projects 19Defensive Expenditures Methodology 20Cost-of-Illness Methodology 20Contingent Valuation Methodology 22Cost–Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Investments 24A Collaborative Approach 26Conclusions and Recommendations 28References 30 List of Tables, Figures, and BoxesTables1 Projected Health Impacts of Climate Change 42 Number of People Affected by Extreme Weather Events, 1960–2007 73 Estimated Losses in Current per Capita Consumption 104 Projected Costs to Manage Additional Climate Change–Related Casesof Diarrheal Diseases, Malnutrition, and Malaria in 2030 ($ million) 105 Average Annual Adaptation Cost for Human Health: Preventing and Treating Malariaand Diarrhea, by Region and Decade, 2010–2050 ($ billion at 2005 prices, no discounting) 116 Cost of Treating Diarrheal Diseases in Nepal 22Figures1 Incidence of Dengue Fever in Indonesia (per 100,000 People) 42 Monthly Rainfall and Number of Cases of Dengue Fever in the Philippines, 1990–1999 5
3 Monthly Rainfall and Number of Cases of Dengue Fever in the Philippines, 2008–2009 5
4 Typhoid Cases and Temperatures in Kathmandu Valley, 2006 6
5 Typhoid Cases and Rainfall in Kathmandu Valley, 2006 6
6 Natural Hazards in Tajikistan 8
7 Tajikistan’s Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability to Climate Change 9
8 Pinpointing the Health Impacts of Climate Change 15
9 Estimating the Future Burden of Diseases 17
10 Defensive Expenditure and Cost-of-Illness Methodologies 20
11 Components of the Cost of Illness 21
12 A Collaborative Approach 27
Boxes
1 Health Impacts in Asian Development Bank Project Cost–Benefit Analysis 13
2 Health in Nepal’s National Adaptation Programme of Action Process 14
3 Constraints to Identifying and Quantifying the Impacts of Climate Change in Nepal 16
4 Accounting for the Role of Socioeconomic Characteristics 19
5 Recommended Institutional Arrangements and Coordination in Nepal 29
iv
Acknowledgments
he Asian Development Bank (ADB) Climate Change Fund and the Government of Sweden provided funding to the Climate Change and Health technical assistance with technical support from the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
This report was prepared by Benoit Laplante, Genandrialine Peralta, and Canesio Predo under the guidance and supervision of Bartlett Edes, Director, Poverty Reduction, Gender, and Social Development Division (RSGS) of ADB’s Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD); Jacques Jeugmans, Practice Leader (Health), RSGS/RSDD; and Rikard Elfving, Social Development Specialist, RSGS/RSDD. A regional consultation took place on 30 August 2010 in Seoul, Republic of Korea in conjunction with the 2010 Joint Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology and the International Society for Exposure Science. We thank the following pa
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
![](//viimg.ilovetranslation.com/pic/loading_3.gif?v=b9814dd30c1d7c59_8619)