A Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science*Level 2 Objectives and OutlinesAnita VernoBergen Community College400 Paramus RoadParamus, NJ 07652201-447-7909averno@bergen.eduDebbie CarterLancaster County Day School725 Hamilton RoadLancaster, PA 17603717-392-2916carterd@e-lcds.orgRobb CutlerThe Harker School500 Saratoga AvenueSan Jose, CA 95129robbc@harker.orgMichelle HuttonThe Girls' Middle School180 N. Rengstorff Ave.Mountain View, CA 94043mfh@pobox.comLenny PittUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign201 North Goodwin AveUrbana, IL 61801217-244-6027pitt@uiuc.eduThe authors would like to express appreciation for the feedback from the individuals listed in the Acknowledgementssection. We would specifically like to recognize the contributions provided by Dan Frost, Donald Bren School ofInformation and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, for his assistance with the organization andwording of Appendix A of this document.*Tucker, Allen, (editor), Deek, F., Jones, J., McCowan, D., Stephenson, C., and Verno, A. A Model Curriculum forK-12 Computer Science: Final Report of the ACM K-12 Task Force Curriculum Committee. Association forComputing Machinery (ACM), New York, New York, October, 2003.http://www.acm.org/education/k12/k12final1022.pdfCopyright © 2004 by the Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA).Computer Science Teachers Association, 1515 Broadway, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted withoutfee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bearthis notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACMmust be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted.Level 2 Objectives and Outline CSTA Curriculum Committee 20062Table of ContentsIntroductionOverview............................................................................................................................3Purpose and role of the Level 2 Objectives and Outlines..................................................3About this Document .........................................................................................................4How to Use this Document................................................................................................5Topic 1: Principles of Computer Organization..............................................................................6Topic 2: Problem Solving ..............................................................................................................8Topic 3: Basic Components of Computer Networks ...................................................................10Topic 4: Internet Concepts...........................................................................................................12Topic 5: Hierarchy and Abstraction in Computing......................................................................14Topic 6: Connections Between Mathematics and Computer Science .........................................16Topic 7: Models of Intelligent Behavior......................................................................................18Topic 8: Interdisciplinary Utility of Computers and Problem Solving in the Modern World.....20Topic 9: Ethical Issues.................................................................................................................22Topic 10: Careers in Computing..................................................................................................24Topic 11: Programming Languages.............................................................................................25Topic 12: Web page Design and Development ...........................................................................27Topic 13: Multimedia ..................................................................................................................29Topic 14: Applications.................................................................................................................32References Used to Create these Standards.................................................................................34Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................34Feedback towards improvement of this document ......................................................................34
Appendix A: Facets of Computer Science..................................................................................35
Computer Hardware.........................................................................................................35
Using Computer Software................................................................................................35
Solving Problems by Developing Software.....................................................................36
Computers, People, and Society ......................................................................................37
Table ................................................................................................................................38
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Introduction
Overview:
The ACM K-12 Computer Science Model Curriculum was developed in 2003 to provide a broad
outline from which a K-12 computer science curriculum can be developed. The Model
Curriculum was a response to the view that computer science education is not clearly defined or
well-established at the K-12 level. A national computer science curriculum which stabilizes the
objectives and content of high school CS has implications beyond K-12 education. It will assist
students with further study in computer science / information technology / information systems /
engineering and will help with the larger national effort to build America’s position as a global
leader in technological knowledge and expertise.
This document continues efforts by the ACM and Computer Science Teachers Association*
(CSTA) to create a comprehensive body of resources to support the implementation of a national
K-12 computer science curriculum. The Model curriculum provides an overview of computer
science content broken into four levels: Level 1, recommended for students in grades K-8; Level
2, recommended for students in grades 9 or 10; and Levels 3 and 4, recommended for students in
upper grades. The Level 1 curriculum closely follows ISTE standards and is therefore a fairly
well-developed set of learning objectives with available resource materials. The Level 2
curriculum, suggested for all students, was broadly described in the Model. This document
specifies the learning objectives, assessment measures, and sample educational activities of
Level 2, which can be used to encourage a uniform level of teaching across the US. Lesson
plans and activities to support each stated objective are available in the CSTA Web Repository† .
Purpose and role of the Level 2 Objectives and Outlines
Level 2 of the ACM Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science introduces the formal study
of computer science and its role in the modern world. Technology plays an increasing role in the
modern world; computer science provides students with the skills and knowledge to understand
the technology they use daily and to extrapolate this knowledge to understand and use emerging
technologies. This document is intended to assist in the creation and delivery of an introductory
course in computer science by providing activities and objectives recommended for early high
school students. The teacher should modify the course based upon available technical resources
and make it appropriate to the level of the students.
Despite common stereotypes, computer science encompasses more than just programming. It
builds the basic logical problem solving skills and framework required for understanding an
increasingly complex and technological world. Level 2 reflects the breadth of the discipline and
*
The Computer Science Teachers Association is a membership organization that supports and promotes the teaching
of computer science and other computing disciplines by providing opportunities for K-12 teachers and students to
better understand the computing disciplines and to more successfully prepare themselves to teach and to learn.
† The goal of the Web Repository is to create a web-based multi-grade repository of appropriate materials for K-12
computer science teachers to support their teaching and professional development. Teachers will be encouraged to
submit their own original materials, to the benefit of the larger community. The Web Repository remains under
development as of February 2006.
Level 2 Objectives and Outline CSTA Curriculum Committee 2006
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provides students with many opportunities to discover an interest in computer science. The
variety of activities and topics gives each student multiple opportunities to develop an
appreciation of computer science.
The ACM Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science employs a spiral model in which
students are introduced to topics, skills, and concepts repeatedly, at a higher level each time.
Level 2 is an intermediate course between the introductory level in elementary and middle school
and the more rigorous demands of Levels 3 and 4. We recommend that teachers read the entire
ACM Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science before implementing these Objectives and
Outlines in order to understand how this document fits in the larger context. Level 2 may be the
first or the final computer science course taken by many students. Teachers should choose
activities at a level of rigor appropriate to the prior experience of the students.
Ideally, Level 2 is a year-long standalone course taught by a qualified computer science teacher.
Ho
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