CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FORLA

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR
LAW
by
Rawdon Wyatt
A & C Black
London
www.acblack.com
First edition published 1996
Second edition published 1998
Third edition published 2006
A & C Black Publishers Ltd
38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
© Copyright Rawdon Wyatt 2006
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form without the permission of the publishers.
A CIP entry for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN-10: 0 7136 7592 6
ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7592 4
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0239-8
Text typeset by A & C Black
Printed in Italy by Legoprint
A & C Black uses paper produced with elemental chlorine-free pulp,
harvested from managed sustainable forests.
Introduction
This book has been written for anyone working or training to work in the legal profession,
or for anyone whose job requires them to have a working knowledge of legal words and
terms. The various exercises throughout the book focus on the key vocabulary that you
might be expected to understand and use on a day-to-day basis.
You should not go through the exercises in this book mechanically. It is better to choose
areas that you are unfamiliar with, or areas that you feel are of specific interest or
importance to yourself.
Each exercise is accompanied by a full answer key at the back of the book. This key also
gives you other information about particular vocabulary items (for example, words with
similar meanings, alternative words and expressions, etc) that are not covered in the
exercises themselves.
When you are doing the exercises, there are a few important points you should consider:
1. Many of the words, expressions and accompanying notes are based primarily on the
English and Welsh legal system. However, there are also many 'generic' words which can be
applied across the international legal spectrum, and would be recognised in other places
such as the USA and Canada.
2. Not all of the vocabulary practised in this book is legal vocabulary per se (see page 45 to
find out what this expression means), but would be used in a legal context (for example, at
a trial or tribunal, or when producing a contract or negotiating business terms).
3. A lot of the words and expressions which have been presented here in a particular context
(for example, words connected with a criminal law procedure) might also 'cross over' into
other areas of law. A jury, for example, is usually employed at a criminal trial, but might also
be used in some civil cases, such as libel.
It is very important to keep a record of new words and expressions that you learn. On page
64 of this book, you will find a vocabulary record sheet which you can photocopy as many
times as you like and use to build up a 'bank' of useful words and expressions. It is
accompanied on the following page by a sample sheet that shows you how to record a
particular vocabulary item. Keep your record sheets in a file or folder and review them on a
regular basis so that the words and expressions become an 'active' part of your legal
vocabulary.
We recommend that you keep a good dictionary with you, and refer to it when necessary.
Many of the words and expressions in this book (together with their definitions) can be
found in the A & C Dictionary of Law. For general vocabulary reference, the Macmillan
English Dictionary is also an excellent resource.
No vocabulary book can possibly contain all of the legal words and expressions that you are
likely to come across or need, so it is important you acquire new vocabulary from other
sources. On the next page you will find a short list of useful sources that were consulted
during the writing of this book, and you should also read as much as possible from a variety
of other sources, including journals, papers and case reports (many of which are available on
the Internet).
Contents
Page: Title: Page: Title:
1. Before you begin: Essential words
2. Business law 1: Key adjectives
4. Business law 2: Key nouns
6. Business law 3: Key verbs
9. Business law 4: Key expressions
11. Consumer rights
13. Contracts 1www.informationcommissioner.gov.uk
www.Family-Solicitors.co.uk
www.Interactive-Law.co.uk
www.Law.Ed.ac.uk
www.citizensadvice.org.uk
www.uklegal.com
www.compactlaw.co.uk
www.lawontheweb.co.uk
www.legalservices.gov.uk
www.Media-Solicitors.co.uk
www.unhchr.ch
15. Contracts 2
17. Corporate responsibility 1: The
environment
18. Corporate responsibility 2:
Communities
19. Corporate responsibility 3:
Employment
21. Corporate responsibility 4: Financial
and ethical integrity
23. Court orders and injunctions
24. Court structures
25. Crime 1: Crime categories
26. Crime 2: Name the offence
28. Crime 3: Criminal procedure (part 1)
29. Crime 4: Criminal procedure (part 2)
31. Dispute resolution
32. Employment and human resources
34. European courts, institutions, etc
36. The family 1: Relationships
38. The family 2: Children
40. Human rights 1
43. Human rights 2
45. Legal Latin
46. Legal referencing
47. On the road
48. People in the law 1
50. People in the law 2
51. Privacy and data protection
52. Property
54. Punishments and penalties
56. Types of court
58. Wills
59. Word association 1
61. Word association 2
62. Word association 3
64. Photocopiable vocabulary record
sheet
65. Vocabulary record sheet sample
66. Answer key
The following websites were a useful reference source during the writing of this book, and are recommended
if you want to develop your legal vocabulary further, or if you want to learn more about laws, legal systems,
etc, (especially those in the United Kingdom).
www.informationcommissioner.gov.uk
www.family-solicitors.co.uk
www.interactive-law.co.uk
www.law.ed.ac.uk
www.citizensadvice.org.uk
www.uklegal.com
www.compactlaw.co.uk
www.lawontheweb.co.uk
www.legalservices.gov.uk
www.media-solicitors.co.uk
www.unhchr.ch (very useful if you want to know more about the United Nations and human rights)
www.bench-marks.org (an excellent website if you want to know more about the underlying principles of
corporate governance and responsibility)
For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).
For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).
Unit 0000
Before you begin: Essential words
The words in this exercise are used a lot in the legal profession, and appear at various stages
throughout this book, so it is important you understand what they mean before you do any
of the other exercises. Match the definitions on the left with the words on the right. Note
that (a) there are more words than definitions, and (b) many of the words on the right can
have more than one meaning, but only one of those meanings is in the column on the left.
Note that many of the words and accompanying expressions in this exercise (and in the
following exercises on business law) are not exclusive to business law, but may also be
applied to other legal and general areas.
1. Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done.
2. To send someone to prison or to a court.
3. An adjective referring to a judge or to the law.
4. Not guilty of a crime.
5. Any act which is not legal.
6. A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business.
7. A disagreement or argument between parties.
8. A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special
problems.
9. A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal
proceeding.
10. An official who presides over a court.
11. To make an allegation in legal proceedings.
12. Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case.
13. A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court.
14. An agreement reached after an argument.
15. To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime.
16. A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of law.
17. To find that someone is guilty of a crime.
18. Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement.
19. To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge.
20. To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence.
21. To say that someone has committed a crime. 22. Having the legal ability to force someone to do something.
23. An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or
organisations.
24. The arguments used when fighting a case.
25. A legal agreement between two or more parties. 26. An adjective referring to crime.
27. A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in
a trial.
28. A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove
something at a trial.
29. To order someone to pay money as a punishment. 30. A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do
something.
appeal
arrest
binding
breach
case
charge
civil
claimant
commit
contract
convict
court
crime
criminal
damages
defence
defendant
dispute
evidence
fine
guilty
hearing
injunction
innocent
judge
judicial
jury
lawyer
legal
offence
plead
prosecute
sentence
settlement
trial
tribunal
1
2
Unit 0000
Business law 1: Key adjectives
Exercise 1
: Look at these sentences and decide if the word in bold is being used correctly in
the context of the sentence (there is an explanation of the word that should be used in
brackets at the end of the sentence). If you think the word is wrong, look for the correct
word. You will find this in one of the other sentences.
1. When pieces of broken glass were found in some of its food products, the company was held
eligible. (responsible for what had happened)
2. When he was asked to explain his actions, he had no valid explanations. (being acceptable because
it is true or relevant)
3. The sacked workers claimed unfair dismissal, and demanded a fair and intangible hearing. (not
biased or prejudiced)
4. Goodwill is one of a company's admissible assets, and as such it cannot be declared as part of the
company's capital. (difficult to value as it does not exist physically)
5. He was accused of trying to obtain a fiduciary advantage by getting involved in insider dealing.
(financial)
6. At the trial, the

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

KIỂM TRA TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CỦA BẠN CHOPHÁP LUẬTbởiRawdon WyattA & C đen Londonwww.acblack.comẤn bản đầu tiên được xuất bản năm 1996Ấn bản thứ hai được xuất bản năm 1998Ấn bản thứ ba được công bố năm 2006A & C đen nhà xuất bản Ltd38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB© Bản quyền Rawdon Wyatt 2006Tất cả các quyền.Không có một phần của Ấn phẩm này có thể được sao chépbất kỳ hình thức mà không có sự cho phép của các nhà xuất bản.Một mục nhập CIP cho cuốn sách này là có sẵn từ British LibraryISBN-10: 0 7136 7592 6ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7592 4 eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0239-8Văn bản typeset của A & C đenIn tại ý bởi LegoprintA & C Black sử dụng giấy được sản xuất với bột giấy miễn phí clo nguyên tố,thu hoạch từ quản lý bền vững rừng.Giới thiệuCuốn sách này đã được viết cho bất cứ ai làm việc hoặc đào tạo để làm việc trong ngành pháp lý,hoặc cho bất cứ ai mà công việc đòi hỏi họ có một kiến thức về pháp lý từ vàđiều khoản. Các bài tập khác nhau trong suốt cuốn sách tập trung vào các từ vựng quan trọng mà bạncó thể được dự kiến để hiểu và sử dụng trên một cơ sở hàng ngày.Bạn không nên đi qua các bài tập trong cuốn sách này máy móc. Nó là tốt hơn để lựa chọnkhu vực mà bạn không quen thuộc với, hoặc các khu vực mà bạn cảm thấy quan tâm cụ thể hoặctầm quan trọng cho chính mình.Mỗi tập thể dục đi kèm với một chìa khóa câu trả lời đầy đủ ở mặt sau của cuốn sách. Điều này quan trọng cũngcung cấp cho bạn các thông tin khác về các mục cụ thể từ vựng (ví dụ, từ vớitương tự như ý nghĩa, thay thế từ và biểu thức, vv) mà không được bảo hiểm trong cácbài tập bản thân.Khi bạn đang làm các bài tập, có một số điểm quan trọng bạn nên xem xét:1. nhiều người trong số các từ, biểu hiện và ghi chú đi kèm dựa chủ yếu trên cácHệ thống pháp luật tiếng Anh và tiếng Wales. Tuy nhiên, có cũng rất nhiều từ 'chung' mà có thểáp dụng trên quang phổ pháp lý quốc tế, và sẽ được công nhận ở những nơi khácchẳng hạn như Hoa Kỳ và Canada.2. không phải tất cả các từ vựng thực hành trong cuốn sách này là hợp pháp từ vựng se (xem trang 45 đểTìm hiểu ý nghĩa của cụm từ này), nhưng sẽ được sử dụng trong một bối cảnh pháp lý (ví dụ, tạimột thử nghiệm hoặc tòa án, hoặc khi sản xuất một hợp đồng hoặc thương lượng các điều kiện kinh doanh).3. rất nhiều của các từ và ngữ mà đã được trình bày ở đây trong một bối cảnh cụ thể(ví dụ, từ kết nối với một thủ tục pháp luật hình sự) có thể cũng 'vượt qua' vàocác khu vực khác của pháp luật. Một ban giám khảo, ví dụ, thường được sử dụng tại một phiên tòa hình sự, nhưng có thể cũngđược sử dụng trong một số trường hợp dân sự, chẳng hạn như phỉ báng.Nó là rất quan trọng để giữ một kỷ lục mới từ và ngữ mà bạn tìm hiểu. Trên trang64 của cuốn sách này, bạn sẽ tìm thấy một tờ ghi vốn từ vựng mà bạn có thể sao chụp như nhiềulần như bạn thích và sử dụng để xây dựng một 'ngân hàng' từ hữu ích và biểu hiện. Nó làđi kèm với trên trang sau một tờ mẫu cho bạn thấy làm thế nào để ghi lại mộtmục từ vựng cụ thể. Giữ của bạn tấm kỷ lục trong một tập tin hoặc thư mục và xem lại chúng vào mộtregular basis so that the words and expressions become an 'active' part of your legalvocabulary.We recommend that you keep a good dictionary with you, and refer to it when necessary.Many of the words and expressions in this book (together with their definitions) can befound in the A & C Dictionary of Law. For general vocabulary reference, the MacmillanEnglish Dictionary is also an excellent resource. No vocabulary book can possibly contain all of the legal words and expressions that you arelikely to come across or need, so it is important you acquire new vocabulary from othersources. On the next page you will find a short list of useful sources that were consultedduring the writing of this book, and you should also read as much as possible from a varietyof other sources, including journals, papers and case reports (many of which are available onthe Internet).ContentsPage: Title: Page: Title:1. Before you begin: Essential words2. Business law 1: Key adjectives4. Business law 2: Key nouns6. Business law 3: Key verbs9. Business law 4: Key expressions11. Consumer rights13. Contracts 1www.informationcommissioner.gov.ukwww.Family-Solicitors.co.ukwww.Interactive-Law.co.ukwww.Law.Ed.ac.ukwww.citizensadvice.org.ukwww.uklegal.comwww.compactlaw.co.ukwww.lawontheweb.co.ukwww.legalservices.gov.ukwww.Media-Solicitors.co.ukwww.unhchr.ch 15. Contracts 217. Corporate responsibility 1: Theenvironment18. Corporate responsibility 2:Communities19. Corporate responsibility 3:Employment21. Corporate responsibility 4: Financial and ethical integrity23. Court orders and injunctions24. Court structures25. Crime 1: Crime categories26. Crime 2: Name the offence28. Crime 3: Criminal procedure (part 1)29. Crime 4: Criminal procedure (part 2)31. Dispute resolution32. Employment and human resources34. European courts, institutions, etc36. The family 1: Relationships38. The family 2: Children40. Human rights 143. Human rights 245. Legal Latin46. Legal referencing47. On the road48. People in the law 150. People in the law 251. Privacy and data protection52. Property54. Punishments and penalties56. Types of court58. Wills59. Word association 161. Word association 262. Word association 364. Photocopiable vocabulary recordsheet65. Vocabulary record sheet sample66. Answer keyThe following websites were a useful reference source during the writing of this book, and are recommendedif you want to develop your legal vocabulary further, or if you want to learn more about laws, legal systems,etc, (especially those in the United Kingdom).www.informationcommissioner.gov.ukwww.family-solicitors.co.ukwww.interactive-law.co.ukwww.law.ed.ac.ukwww.citizensadvice.org.ukwww.uklegal.comwww.compactlaw.co.ukwww.lawontheweb.co.ukwww.legalservices.gov.ukwww.media-solicitors.co.ukwww.unhchr.ch (very useful if you want to know more about the United Nations and human rights)www.bench-marks.org (an excellent website if you want to know more about the underlying principles ofcorporate governance and responsibility)For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).For reference see Dictionary of Law 4th edition (A & C Black 0-7475-6636-4).Unit 0000Before you begin: Essential wordsThe words in this exercise are used a lot in the legal profession, and appear at various stagesthroughout this book, so it is important you understand what they mean before you do anyof the other exercises. Match the definitions on the left with the words on the right. Notethat (a) there are more words than definitions, and (b) many of the words on the right canhave more than one meaning, but only one of those meanings is in the column on the left.Note that many of the words and accompanying expressions in this exercise (and in thefollowing exercises on business law) are not exclusive to business law, but may also beapplied to other legal and general areas.1. Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done.2. To send someone to prison or to a court.3. An adjective referring to a judge or to the law.4. Not guilty of a crime.5. Any act which is not legal.6. A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business.7. A disagreement or argument between parties.8. A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines specialproblems.9. A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legalproceeding.10. An official who presides over a court.11. To make an allegation in legal proceedings.12. Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case.13. A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court.14. An agreement reached after an argument.15. To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime.16. A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of law.17. To find that someone is guilty of a crime.18. Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement.19. To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge.20. To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence.21. To say that someone has committed a crime. 22. Having the legal ability to force someone to do something.23. An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons ororganisations.24. The arguments used when fighting a case.25. A legal agreement between two or more parties. 26. An adjective referring to crime.27. A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty ina trial.28. A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprovesomething at a trial.29. To order someone to pay money as a punishment. 30. A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to dosomething.appealarrestbindingbreachcasechargecivilclaimantcommitcontractconvictcourtcrimecriminaldamagesdefencedefendantdisputeevidencefineguiltyhearinginjunctioninnocentjudgejudicialjurylawyerlegaloffencepleadprosecutesentencesettlementtrialtribunal12Unit 0000Business law 1: Key adjectivesExercise 1: Look at these sentences and decide if the word in bold is being used correctly inthe context of the sentence (there is an explanation of the word that should be used inbrackets at the end of the sentence). If you think the word is wrong, look for the correctword. You will find this in one of the other sentences.1. When pieces of broken glass were found in some of its food products, the company was heldeligible. (responsible for what had happened)2. When he was asked to explain his actions, he had no valid explanations. (being acceptable becauseit is true or relevant)3. The sacked workers claimed unfair dismissal, and demanded a fair and intangible hearing. (notbiased or prejudiced)4. Goodwill is one of a company's admissible assets, and as such it cannot be declared as part of thecompany's capital. (difficult to value as it does not exist physically)5. He was accused of trying to obtain a fiduciary advantage by getting involved in insider dealing.(financial)6. At the trial, the