Solutions for End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems: Chapter Thirteen 1. What are four FX risks faced by FIs? Four risks include (1) trading in foreign securities, (2) making foreign currency loans, (3) issuing foreign currency-denominated debt, and (4) buying foreign currency-issued securities.2. What is the spot market for FX? What is the forward market for FX? What is the position of being net long in a currency?The spot market for foreign exchange involves transactions for immediate delivery of a currency, while the forward market involves agreements to deliver a currency at a later time for a price or exchange rate that is determined at the time the agreement is reached. The net exposure of a foreign currency is the net foreign asset position plus the net foreign currency position. Net long in a currency means that the amount of foreign assets exceeds the amount of foreign liabilities.3. Refer to Table 13-1. a. What was the spot exchange rate of Canadian dollars for U.S. dollars on July 4, 2012?The spot exchange rate of Canadian dollars for U.S. dollars was 1.0131 on July 4, 2012. b. What was the six-month forward exchange rate of Japanese yen for U.S. dollars on July 4, 2012?The six-month forward exchange rate of Japanese yen for U.S. dollars was 79.66 on July 4, 2012.c. What was the three-month forward exchange rate of U.S. dollars for Swiss francs on July 4, 2012?The three-month forward exchange rate of U.S. dollars for Swiss francs was 1.0455 on July 4, 2012.4. Refer to Table 13-1.a. On June 4, 2012, you purchased a British pound-denominated CD by converting $1 million to pounds at a rate of 0.6435 pounds for U.S. dollars. It is now July 4, 2012. Has the U.S. dollar appreciated or depreciated in value relative to the pound?The exchange rate of British pounds for U.S. dollars on July 4, 2012 was 0.6414. The U.S. dollar has depreciated in value relative to the pound.b. Using the information in part (a), what is your gain or loss on the investment in the CD? Assume no interest was been paid on the CD. Initial investment was $1 million x 0.6435 = 643,500 pounds.Exchanging the funds back to dollars on July 4, 2012 you will have643,500 pounds / 0.6414 = $1,047,875Your gain is $1,047,875 - $1,000,000 = $47,875.5. On July 4, 2012, you convert $500,000 U.S. dollars to Japanese yen in the spot foreign exchange market and purchase a one-month forward contract to convert yen into dollars. How much will you receive in U.S. dollars at the end of the month? Use the data in Table 13-1 for this problem.At the beginning of the month you convert $500,000 to yen at a rate of 79.87 yen per dollar, or you will have 500,000 x 79.87 = ¥39,935,000.The one-month forward rate for the U.S. dollar for Japanese yen on July 4, 2012 was 0.012524. So, at the end of the month you will convert ¥39,935,000 to dollars at $0.012524 per ¥ or you will have ¥39,935,000 x 0.012524 = $500,145.946. X-IM Bank has ¥14 million in assets and ¥23 million in liabilities and has sold ¥8 million in foreign currency trading. What is the net exposure for X-IM? For what type of exchange rate movement does this exposure put the bank at risk?The net exposure would be ¥14 million – ¥23 million – ¥8 million = - ¥17 million. This negative exposure puts the bank at risk of an appreciation of the yen against the dollar. A stronger yen means that repayment of the net position would require more dollars.7. What two factors directly affect the profitability of an FI’s position in a foreign currency?The profitability is a function of the size of the net exposure and the volatility of the foreign exchange rate. 8. The following are the foreign currency positions of an FI, expressed in the foreign currency. Currency Assets Liabilities FX Bought FX Sold Swiss franc (SF) SF134,394 SF53,758 SF10,752 SF16,127 British pound (£) £30,488 £13,415 £9,146 £12,195 Japanese yen (¥) ¥7,075,472 ¥2,830,189 ¥1,132,075 ¥8,301,887 The exchange rate of dollars per SFs is 0.9301, of dollars per British pounds is 1.6400, and of dollars per yen is 0.010600. The following are the foreign currency positions converted to dollars. Currency Assets Liabilities FX Bought FX Sold Swiss franc (SF) $125,000 $50,000 $10,000 $15,000 British pound (£) $50,000 $22,001 $14,999 $20,000 Japanese yen (¥) $75,000 $30,000 $12,000 $88,000 a. What is the FI’s net exposure in Swiss francs stated in SF and in $s?Net exposure in stated in SFs = SF134,394 - SF53,758 + SF10,752 - SF16,127 = SF75,261Net exposure in stated in $s = $125,000 - $50,000 + $10,000 - $15,000 = $70,000 b. What is the FI’s net exposure in British pounds stated in £ and in $s?Net exposure in £ = £30,488 - £13,415 + £9,146 - £12,195= £14,024Net exposure in $ = $50,000 - $22,001 + $15,000 - $20,000 = $22,999 c. What is the FI’s net exposure in Japanese yen stated in ¥s and in $s?Net exposure in ¥ = ¥7,075,472 - ¥2,830,189 + ¥1,132,075 - ¥8,301,887= - ¥2,924,529 Net exposure in $ = $75,000 - $30,000 + $12,000 - $88,000 = -$31,000 d. What is the expected loss or gain if the SF exchange rate appreciates by 1 percent? State you answer in SFs and $s.If assets are greater than liabilities, then an appreciation of the foreign exchange rates will generate a gain = SF75,261 x 0.01 = SF7,261, or $70,000 x 0.01 = $7,000. e. What is the expected loss or gain if the £ exchange rate appreciates by 1 percent? State you answer in £s and $s.Gain = £14,024 x 0.01 = $140, or $22,999 x 0.01 = $230 f. What is the expected loss or gain if the ¥ exchange rate appreciates by 2 percent? State you answer in ¥s and $s.Loss = - ¥2,924,529 x 0.02 = -$58,491 or -$31,000 x 0.02 = -$6209. What are the four FX trading activities undertaken by FIs? How do FIs profit from these activities?
The four areas of FX activity undertaken by FIs are either for their customer’s accounts or for their own proprietary trading accounts. They involve the purchase and sale of FX in order to (a) complete international commercial transactions, (b) invest abroad in direct or portfolio investments, (c) hedge outstanding currency exposures, and (d) speculate against movements in currencies. Most FIs earn commissions on transactions made on behalf of their customers. If the FIs are market makers in currencies, they make their profits on the bid-ask spread.
10. City Bank issued $200 million of one-year CDs in the United States at a rate of 6.50 percent. It invested part of this money, $100 million, in the purchase of a one-year bond issued by a U.S. firm at an annual rate of 7 percent. The remaining $100 million was invested in a one-year Brazilian government bond paying an annual interest rate of 8 percent. The exchange rate at the time of the transaction was Brazilian real 0.50/$1.
a. What will be the net return on this $200 million investment in bonds if the exchange rate between the Brazilian real and the U.S. dollar remains the same?
Brazilian bonds issued in reals = $100m/0.50 = Real 200m
Cost of funds = 0.065 x $200 million = $13,000,000
Return on U.S. loan = 0.07 x $100 million = $ 7,000,000
Return on Brazilian bond = (0.08 x Real 200m) x 0.50 = $ 8,000,000
Total interest earned = $15,000,000
Net return on investment = ($15 million - $13 million)/$200 million = 1.00 percent.
b. What will be the net return on this $200 million investment if the exchange rate changes to real 0.4167/$1?
Cost of funds = 0.065 x $200 million = $13,000,000
Return on U.S. loan = 0.07 x $100 million = $ 7,000,000
Return on Brazilian bond = (0.08 x Real 200m) x 0.4167 = $ 6,667,200
Total interest earned = $13,667,200
Net return on investment = $13,666,667 - $13,000,000/$200,000,000 = 0.33 percent.
Consideration should be given to the fact that the Brazilian bond was for Real200 million. Thus, at maturity the bond will be paid back for Real200 million x 0.4167 = $83,340,000. Therefore, the strengthening dollar will have caused a loss in capital ($16,660,000) that far exceeds the interest earned on the Brazilian bond. Including this capital loss, the net return on investment is:
Net return on investment = ($13,666,667 - $13,000,000 - $16,666,667))/$200,000,000 = -8%
c. What will be the net return on this $200 million investment if the exchange rate changes to real 0.625/$1?
Cost of funds = 0.065 x $200 million = $13,000,000
Return on U.S. loan = 0.07 x $100 million = $ 7,000,000
Return on Brazilian bond = (0.08 x Real 200m) x 0.625 = $10,000,000
Total interest earned = $17,000,000
Net return on investment = $17,000,000 - $13,000,000/$200,000,000 = 2.00 percent.
Consideration should be given to the fact that the Brazilian bond was for Real200 million. Thus, at maturity the bond will be paid back for Real200 million x 0.625 = $125,000,000. Therefore, the strengthening real will have caused a gain in capital of $25,000,000 in addition to the interest earned on the Brazilian bond. Including this capital loss, the net return on investment is:
Net return on investment = ($17,000,000 - $13,000,000 + $25,000,000)/$200,000,000 = 14.50%
11. Sun Bank USA purchased a 16 million one-year euro loan that pays 12 percent interest annually. The spot rate of U.S. dollars per euro is 1.25. Sun Bank has funded this loan by accepting a British pound-denominated deposit for the equivalent amount and maturity at an annual rate of 10 percent. The current spot rate of U.S. dollars per British pound is 1.60.
a. What is the net interest income earned in dollars on this one-year transaction if the spot rates of U.S. dollars per euro and U.S. dollars per British pound at the end of the year are 1.35 and 1.70?
Loan amount = €16 million x 1.25 = $20.0 million
Deposit amount = $20.0m/1.60 = £12,500,000
Interest income at the end of the year = €16m x 0.12 = €1.92m x 1.35 = $2,592,000
Interest expense at the end of the year = £12,500,
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