5.2.2 GenderFollowing menarche, adolescent females often do not consume sufficient ironto offset menstrual losses. As a result, a peak in the prevalence of irondeficiency frequently occurs among females during adolescence.5.2.3 Physiological stateSubstantial amounts of iron are deposited in the placenta and fetus duringpregnancy. This results in an increased need of about 700-850 mg in bodyiron over the whole pregnancy.Overall, iron absorption is increased during pregnancy, when menstruationsstop. Pregnant women still do not absorb sufficient additional iron, however,and the risk of iron deficiency increases.Lactation results in loss of iron via breast milk. Consequently, for some womena deficiency developed during pregnancy may be perpetuated duringlactation. In terms of iron balance, however, lactational amenorrhea morethan compensates for iron lost through breast milk.
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