Chapters 2, 3, and 4 introduced some of the basic concepts of the finite elementmethod in terms of the so-called line elements. The linear elastic spring, the barelement and the flexure element are line elements because structural propertiescan be described in terms of a single spatial variable that identifies position alongthe longitudinal axis of the element. The displacement-force relations for the lineelements are straightforward, as these relations are readily described using onlythe concepts of elementary strength of materials. To extend the method of finiteelement analysis to more general situations, particularly nonstructural applications,additional mathematical techniques are required. In this chapter, themethod of weighted residuals is described in general and Galerkin’s method ofweighted residuals [1] is emphasized as a tool for finite element formulation foressentially any field problem governed by a differential equation.
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