For pure malto-oligosaccharides and amylolytic enzyme resistant starches, the minimum chain length required to form double helices is 10, although shorter chains may form helical structures if longer chains are present (Gidley & Bulpin, 1987; Gidley et al., 1995). The relatively short exterior chains of cereal starch amylopectin molecules (chain length 14–20, or <20) favor the formation of A-type crystalline polymorphs (of double helices), with the longer exterior chains of tuber starches (chain length 16–22, or >22) favoring the formation of B-type polymorphs.
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