OVERVIEW OF THE THEORY OFPURPOSEFUL WORK BEHAVIORThe full model of the theory of purposefulwork behavior is shown in Figure 1. In the following pages we describe the major components of the model in detail. Given that the major contributions of the theory pertain to theprocesses associated with the left side of themodel shown in Figure 1 (striving for purposefulness and meaningfulness), we focus our discussion on those processes and provide only ageneral discussion of subsequent performancemotivation processes shown in the right half ofthe model (striving for satisfaction and performance). We first describe the role of personalitytraits and then describe their relationship tofour fundamental, universal implicit goals thatdefine individuals’ personal agendas. Following that we describe the roles of task and socialcharacteristics of work in providing the contextin which purposeful work behavior is interpreted as being personally meaningful. Finally,we propose specific testable hypotheses thatspell out how the higher-order goals, whichemerge from the individual’s standing on various personality traits, interact with the socialand task characteristics of jobs to influencetask-specific motivation processes and workperformance.Major Components of the ModelFFM personality traits. Funder defines personality as “an individual’s characteristic patternsof thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms— hidden ornot— behind those patterns” (2001: 2). Thus,
these traits reflect an individual’s volition or
motivational control (i.e., choices, preferences,
wishes, and desires), and they influence behaviors that are generally consistent over situations
and time and that distinguish individuals from
each other. Contemporary research in both personality and industrial/organizational psychology has converged on the FFM as a widely accepted taxonomy that comprehensively
captures the critical stable individual differences in personality (Barrick & Mount, 1991;
Costa & McCrae, 1992). The five traits are extraversion (sociable, dominant, ambitious), agreeableness (cooperative, considerate, trusting),
conscientiousness (dependable, hardworking,
persistent), emotional stability (calm, confident,
secure), and openness to experience (imaginative, adaptable, intellectual). Through application of the FFM, considerable progress has been
made over the past twenty years in understanding how personality traits are associated with
employee behavior (Barrick et al., 2001; Judge,
Heller, & Mount, 2002; Judge & Ilies, 2002) and in
understanding the role traits play in influencing
the particular types of job settings individuals
actively seek out and prefer (Mount, Barrick,
Scullen, & Rounds, 2005; Stewart, Fulmer, & Barrick, 2005), as shown in Figure 1.
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