Consciousness describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli. Awareness of internal stimuliincludes feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions. Awarenessof external stimuli includes seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing thevoice of a friend.We experience different states of consciousness and different levels of awareness on a regular basis. Wemight even describe consciousness as a continuum that ranges from full awareness to a deep sleep. Sleepis a state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that isdistinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness. Wakefulness is characterized by high levels ofsensory awareness, thought, and behavior. In between these extremes are states of consciousness relatedto daydreaming, intoxication as a result of alcohol or other drug use, meditative states, hypnotic states,and altered states of consciousness following sleep deprivation. We might also experience unconsciousstates of being via drug-induced anesthesia for medical purposes. Often, we are not completely aware ofour surroundings, even when we are fully awake. For instance, have you ever daydreamed while drivinghome from work or school without really thinking about the drive itself? You were capable of engaging inthe all of the complex tasks involved with operating a motor vehicle even though you were not aware ofdoing so. Many of these processes, like much of psychological behavior, are rooted in our biology.
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