20100:19:52,680 --> 00:19:57,390He

201
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:57,390
He called this policy Sacro Egoismo -
sacred self-interest.

202
00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:02,632
In practice,
it meant joining the side of the highest bidder.

203
00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:11,756
Few Italians wanted to fight.

204
00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:17,271
But the Allies offered a chunk
of Austria-Hungary, part of the Dalmatian coast,

205
00:20:17,360 --> 00:20:19,715
and threw in a few islands.

206
00:20:19,800 --> 00:20:22,314
Without consulting Parliament
Salandra accepted,

207
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:26,234
landing his people
with one of the harshest fronts in the entire war.

208
00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:41,229
Italy's border with Austria-Hungary zigzagged for
375 miles into Europe's highest peaks.

209
00:20:45,920 --> 00:20:50,948
The Austro-Hungarians had the advantage,
holding the high ground along the entire front.

210
00:20:57,040 --> 00:20:58,996
It was brutal terrain.

211
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:15,034
Italian Alpine troops inch up to the front line.

212
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:38,314
An officer beats out a rhythm
for men hauling a field gun up the slope.

213
00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:06,039
ln May 1915, Italian troops seized
the mountain village of Cortina d'Ampezzo.

214
00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:13,037
ln front of them, the vast Lagazuoi mountain .

215
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:16,756
(Cannon fire)

216
00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:21,868
By sunrise, the Italians had climbed
its sheer rock face to a narrow ledge.

217
00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:23,916
(Cannon fire and gunfire)

218
00:22:30,480 --> 00:22:32,948
They were now fighting a vertical war.

219
00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:42,798
Above them,
the Austro-Hungarians had fewer men,

220
00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:45,348
but showed a tenacity they lacked elsewhere.

221
00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:48,996
(Heavy cannon fire and gunfire)

222
00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:00,757
Austrian Colonel Viktor Schemfil
watched his men attack the Italians below.

223
00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:08,077
They threw several hand grenades on the ridge
which was about 100 metres below them

224
00:23:08,160 --> 00:23:09,718
(Explosions)

225
00:23:09,800 --> 00:23:11,756
Judging by the screams of the wounded

226
00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:15,879
and from the fact that the machine gun
hasn't fired a single shot all day

227
00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:17,916
we must have been successful

228
00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:25,189
But the Italians clung on,
two miles above sea level.

229
00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:33,275
Each side burrowed into the mountains,

230
00:23:33,360 --> 00:23:36,352
and spent the next two years
trying to dislodge the other.

231
00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:47,551
15 men slept in this cave carved out of the rock.

232
00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:05,836
Both sides worked 24-hour shifts,

233
00:24:05,920 --> 00:24:07,876
digging tunnels,

234
00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:11,589
trying to reach the enemy's position
and blast the mountain under them.

235
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:16,676
(Explosion)

236
00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:24,638
Some went mad
listening for the sound of enemy drills.

237
00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:29,479
My nerves are shot to pieces
I've got to calm down

238
00:24:29,560 --> 00:24:34,839
I've now been in the front line four months
amid constant fear and torment

239
00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,036
(Explosion)

240
00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:49,114
Avalanches became another hazard of war...

241
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:51,156
(Gunfire)

242
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:53,196
..sometimes triggered by shell fire.

243
00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:05,595
Austrian Eugenio Mich was caught in one
that wiped out nine barrack huts, killing 272.

244
00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:10,031
I stayed squashed under the debris of the beds

245
00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:16,031
For the first quarter of an hour
I could feel 50 or so men moving around me

246
00:25:16,120 --> 00:25:19,237
and then one by one they fell silent and died

247
00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:32,557
Italy's frontier with Austria-Hungary
levelled out along the Isonzo river.

248
00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:38,758
Italy's first attack failed, with heavy loss of life.

249
00:25:39,800 --> 00:25:43,952
But General Luigi Cadorna
bloody-mindedly ordered another and another.

250
00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:49,878
11 battles in all, at a cost of 300,000 lives.

251
00:25:56,120 --> 00:25:59,590
They never reached their main objective
the port of Trieste.

252
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,758
Guiseppe Cordano served in the Julian Alps

253
00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:11,355
in a trench system
just 15 metres below the Austrian positions.

254
00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:27,189
Between the two trenches it's a cataclysm

255
00:26:27,280 --> 00:26:30,556
The dead are scattered everywhere half buried

256
00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:33,279
Haversacks rifles rags of clothing

257
00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:35,316
and human body parts

258
00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:41,119
A couple of grenades fall in the middle
of the dyke where some soliers are sheltering

259
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,270
and everything is thrown up in the air

260
00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:47,153
Rocks fly and fall with furious destruction

261
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,712
Laments and screams for help can be heard
from everywhere but how can one move?

262
00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:54,756
How can one help them ?

263
00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:57,796
(Gunfire and screaming)

264
00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,839
I'm astride the crest
and I carry on metre by metre

265
00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:05,751
ducking my head under shrapnel fire

266
00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:10,509
Ten metres in front of me
Zani from Vicenza is hit in the head

267
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,273
screams and falls down the precipice

268
00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:16,516
I watch his body tumbling down

269
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:19,638
He was a good lad

270
00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:21,676
I keep going

271
00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:24,228
forever asking myself when my time will come

272
00:27:37,640 --> 00:27:41,519
ln the winter of 1914,
Germany's High Command told the Kaiser

273
00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:46,276
they'd decided to launch the major offensive
of 1915 against the Russians.

274
00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:53,913
The generals ruled out total victory,

275
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,436
but a decisive blow
might force the Russians to sue for peace.

276
00:28:03,040 --> 00:28:06,510
Germany moved eight divisions
from the Western Front to the Eastern

277
00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:11,833
to try to break through the Russians at Gorlice
in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains.

278
00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:15,030
Now German fought alongside Austrian.

279
00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:22,272
Austrian Mathias Migschitz
sensed the change of mood.

280
00:28:24,680 --> 00:28:28,468
It sounds wonderful
to hear German troops speaking

281
00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:31,632
Everyone is sure of victory
conscious of their might

282
00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:35,633
You hear no melancholy talk
no bleak forecasts

283
00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:42,710
Florence Farmborough,
a British nurse with the Russian Red Cross

284
00:28:42,800 --> 00:28:45,678
travelled with her camera
along the Eastern Front.

285
00:28:47,960 --> 00:28:51,430
Her nursing team went by horse cart to Gorlice.

286
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,878
They had no idea
a third of a million Germans and Austrians

287
00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:58,190
were massing to attack the town .

288
00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:02,035
We have already chosen our hospital

289
00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,999
It is a well built house
with several nice airy rooms

290
00:29:06,080 --> 00:29:08,548
We are surrounded by the Carpathians

291
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:14,751
l love watching them at night when the
mountains lie mysteriously quiet and passive

292
00:29:29,560 --> 00:29:31,039
(Shelling)

293
00:29:40,120 --> 00:29:42,076
Then the wounded started to arrive

294
00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:45,509
They came in their hundreds from all directions

295
00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,717
some able to walk others crawling

296
00:29:48,800 --> 00:29:51,030
dragging themselves along the ground

297
00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:54,396
(Shelling)

298
00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:04,273
As the Germans got near,
Florence's team was ordered to evacuate.

299
00:30:05,320 --> 00:30:07,276
And the wounded?

300
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,238
They shouted to us when they saw us leaving

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

20100:19:52, 680--> 00:19:57, 390Ông gọi là chính sách này Sacro Egoismo-thiêng liêng tự quan tâm nhất.20200:19:58, 480--> 00:20:02, 632Trong thực tế,nó có nghĩa là tham gia bên của người trả giá cao nhất.20300:20:09, 800--> 00:20:11, 756Vài người ý muốn đánh đấu cả.20400:20:12, 800--> 00:20:17, 271Nhưng đồng minh cung cấp một đoạncủa Áo-Hung, một phần của bờ biển Dalmatian,20500:20:17, 360--> 00:20:19, 715và đã ném trong một vài đảo.20600:20:19, 800--> 00:20:22, 314Mà không tham khảo nghị việnSalandra chấp nhận,20700:20:22, 400--> 00:20:26, 234hạ cánh người dân của mìnhvới một trong các mặt trận khắc nghiệt nhất trong suốt cuộc chiến tranh.20800:20:34, 960--> 00:20:41, 229Ý của biên giới với Austria-Hungary zigzagged cho375 dặm vào đỉnh núi cao nhất của châu Âu.20900:20:45, 920--> 00:20:50, 948Áo-Hungary có lợi thế,giữ vùng đất cao dọc theo phía trước toàn bộ.21000:20:57, 040--> 00:20:58, 996Đó là tàn bạo địa hình.21100:21:11, 200--> 00:21:15, 034Quân đội ý Alpine inch đến đường phía trước.21200:21:34, 480--> 00:21:38, 314Một sĩ quan nhịp đập trong một nhịp điệucho nam giới kéo một khẩu súng trường lên dốc.21300:22:00, 760--> 00:22:06, 039trong tháng 5 năm 1915, quân đội ý bị tịch thunúi làng Cortina d'Ampezzo.21400:22:09, 920--> 00:22:13, 037LN trước của họ, núi Lagazuoi rộng lớn.21500:22:14, 800--> 00:22:16, 756(Pháo lửa)21600:22:16, 840--> 00:22:21, 868Bởi mặt trời mọc, người ý đã leokhuôn mặt đá tuyệt của nó để một lồi ra hẹp.21700:22:21, 960--> 00:22:23, 916(Pháo lửa và tiếng súng)21800:22:30, 480--> 00:22:32, 948Bây giờ, họ đã chiến đấu một cuộc chiến tranh theo chiều dọc.21900:22:39, 840--> 00:22:42, 798Ở trên chúng,Áo-Hungary có ít hơn nam giới,22000:22:42, 880--> 00:22:45, 348nhưng họ cho thấy sự kiên trì một thiếu ở nơi khác.22100:22:47, 040--> 00:22:48, 996(Hỏa lực pháo hạng nặng và pháo)22200:22:56, 400--> 00:23:00, 757Đại tá áo Viktor Schemfiltheo dõi của mình người đàn ông tấn công những người ý dưới đây.22300:23:03, 720--> 00:23:08, 077Họ đã ném một số tay lựu đạn trên sườn núiđó là khoảng 100 mét dưới đây chúng22400:23:08, 160--> 00:23:09, 718(Nổ)22500:23:09, 800--> 00:23:11, 756Xét xử của tiếng la hét của những người bị thương22600:23:11, 840--> 00:23:15, 879và từ một thực tế rằng súng máyđã không bắn một bắn duy nhất tất cả các ngày22700:23:15, 960--> 00:23:17, 916chúng tôi phải có được thành công22800:23:21, 560--> 00:23:25, 189Nhưng ý clunghai dặm trên mực nước biển.22900:23:31, 080--> 00:23:33, 275Mỗi bên burrowed vào dãy núi,23000:23:33, 360--> 00:23:36, 352và dành hai năm tiếp theocố gắng để đuổi ra khác.23100:23:44, 400--> 00:23:47, 55115 người ngủ trong hang động này tách ra khỏi đá.23200:24:03, 880--> 00:24:05, 836Cả hai bên làm việc 24 giờ thay đổi,23300:24:05, 920--> 00:24:07, 876đào hầm,23400:24:07, 960--> 00:24:11, 589cố gắng để đạt được vị trí của đối phươngvà vụ nổ núi theo họ.23500:24:14, 720--> 00:24:16, 676(Nổ)23600:24:21, 840--> 00:24:24, 638Một số đã đi điênnghe những âm thanh của đối phương máy khoan.23700:24:26, 760--> 00:24:29, 479Dây thần kinh của tôi được bắn ra từng mảnhTôi đã có để bình tĩnh23800:24:29, 560--> 00:24:34, 839Tôi đã ở tiền tuyến bốn thángtrong bối cảnh sợ hãi liên tục và đau khổ23900:24:43, 080--> 00:24:45, 036(Nổ)24000:24:46, 600--> 00:24:49, 114Tuyết lở đã trở thành một nguy hiểm của chiến tranh...24100:24:49, 200--> 00:24:51, 156(Tiếng súng)24200:24:51, 240--> 00:24:53, 196.. đôi khi được kích hoạt bởi vỏ cháy.24300:24:59, 440--> 00:25:05, 595Áo Eugenio Mich bị bắt trong mộtđã xóa trong chín barrack ngôi lều, giết chết 272.24400:25:06, 800--> 00:25:10, 031Tôi ở lại squashed dưới các mảnh vỡ của các tầng24500:25:11, 560--> 00:25:16, 031Trong quý đầu tiên của một giờTôi có thể cảm thấy người đàn ông 50 hoặc hơn di chuyển xung quanh tôi24600:25:16, 120--> 00:25:19, 237và sau đó một họ rơi im lặng và hoạt động24700:25:28, 200--> 00:25:32, 557Ý của biên giới với Austria-Hungarylấp dọc theo sông Isonzo.24800:25:35, 800--> 00:25:38, 758Cuộc tấn công đầu tiên của ý không thành công, với tổn thất của cuộc sống.24900:25:39, 800--> 00:25:43, 952Nhưng đại tướng Luigi CadornaBloody-mindedly đã ra lệnh một và khác.25000:25:45, 680--> 00:25:49, 87811 trận đánh trong tất cả, chi phí của 300.000 cuộc sống.25100:25:56,120 --> 00:25:59,590They never reached their main objectivethe port of Trieste.25200:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,758Guiseppe Cordano served in the Julian Alps25300:26:07,840 --> 00:26:11,355in a trench systemjust 15 metres below the Austrian positions.25400:26:23,480 --> 00:26:27,189Between the two trenches it's a cataclysm25500:26:27,280 --> 00:26:30,556The dead are scattered everywhere half buried25600:26:30,640 --> 00:26:33,279Haversacks rifles rags of clothing25700:26:33,360 --> 00:26:35,316and human body parts25800:26:37,160 --> 00:26:41,119A couple of grenades fall in the middleof the dyke where some soliers are sheltering25900:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,270and everything is thrown up in the air26000:26:44,320 --> 00:26:47,153Rocks fly and fall with furious destruction26100:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,712Laments and screams for help can be heardfrom everywhere but how can one move?26200:26:52,800 --> 00:26:54,756How can one help them ?26300:26:55,840 --> 00:26:57,796(Gunfire and screaming)26400:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,839I'm astride the crestand I carry on metre by metre26500:27:03,920 --> 00:27:05,751ducking my head under shrapnel fire26600:27:06,800 --> 00:27:10,509Ten metres in front of meZani from Vicenza is hit in the head26700:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,273screams and falls down the precipice26800:27:14,560 --> 00:27:16,516I watch his body tumbling down26900:27:18,000 --> 00:27:19,638He was a good lad27000:27:19,720 --> 00:27:21,676I keep going27100:27:21,760 --> 00:27:24,228forever asking myself when my time will come27200:27:37,640 --> 00:27:41,519ln the winter of 1914,Germany's High Command told the Kaiser27300:27:41,600 --> 00:27:46,276they'd decided to launch the major offensiveof 1915 against the Russians.27400:27:51,240 --> 00:27:53,913The generals ruled out total victory,27500:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,436but a decisive blowmight force the Russians to sue for peace.27600:28:03,040 --> 00:28:06,510Germany moved eight divisionsfrom the Western Front to the Eastern27700:28:06,600 --> 00:28:11,833to try to break through the Russians at Gorlicein the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains.27800:28:12,880 --> 00:28:15,030Now German fought alongside Austrian.27900:28:19,200 --> 00:28:22,272Austrian Mathias Migschitzsensed the change of mood.28000:28:24,680 --> 00:28:28,468It sounds wonderfulto hear German troops speaking28100:28:28,560 --> 00:28:31,632Everyone is sure of victoryconscious of their might28200:28:31,720 --> 00:28:35,633You hear no melancholy talkno bleak forecasts28300:28:39,240 --> 00:28:42,710Florence Farmborough,a British nurse with the Russian Red Cross28400:28:42,800 --> 00:28:45,678travelled with her cameraalong the Eastern Front.28500:28:47,960 --> 00:28:51,430Her nursing team went by horse cart to Gorlice.28600:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,878They had no ideaa third of a million Germans and Austrians28700:28:55,960 --> 00:28:58,190were massing to attack the town .28800:28:59,840 --> 00:29:02,035We have already chosen our hospital28900:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,999It is a well built housewith several nice airy rooms29000:29:06,080 --> 00:29:08,548We are surrounded by the Carpathians29100:29:10,280 --> 00:29:14,751l love watching them at night when themountains lie mysteriously quiet and passive29200:29:29,560 --> 00:29:31,039(Shelling)29300:29:40,120 --> 00:29:42,076Then the wounded started to arrive29400:29:43,120 --> 00:29:45,509They came in their hundreds from all directions29500:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,717some able to walk others crawling29600:29:48,800 --> 00:29:51,030dragging themselves along the ground29700:29:52,440 --> 00:29:54,396(Shelling)29800:30:00,280 --> 00:30:04,273As the Germans got near,Florence's team was ordered to evacuate.29900:30:05,320 --> 00:30:07,276And the wounded?30000:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,238They shouted to us when they saw us leaving