54. Which of the following statements regarding the two types of deafness is correct?A) An audiogram of a person with conduction deafness would show much greater loss for airconduction than bone conduction of soundB) An audiogram of a person with nerve deafness would show much greater loss for boneconduction than air conduction of soundC) Conduction deafness occurs when the cochlea or cochlear nerve is impairedD) Nerve deafness occurs when the physical structures that conduct the sound into the cochlea areimpairedE) Prolonged exposure to very loud sounds is more likely to cause deafness for high-frequencysounds than low frequency sounds55. Consider the situation in which an individual is turning their head to the left about the axis of theneck. The motion begins while the chin is directly over the right shoulder and ends with the chin directlyover the left shoulder. Which of the following best describes the eye movements associated with this typeof head rotation in a normal individual?A) While the head is turning, the eyes will be moving to the right and saccadic eye motion will beto the leftB) While the head is turning, the eyes will be moving in the same direction as the head rotation andthe saccadic eye motion will be to the leftC) While the head is turning, the eyes will be moving to the right and the saccadic eye motion willbe to the rightD) While the head is turning, the eyes will remain stationary within the orbits and the saccadic eyemotion will be to the rightE) While the head is turning, the eyes will be moving to the left and the saccadic eye motion willbe to the right56. Horner syndrome occurs when sympathetic nerve fibers to the eye are interrupted, leading to whichof the following symptoms on the affected side of the face?A) Blood vessels of the face become persistently constrictedB) Profuse sweating occursC) The superior eyelid is maintained in an open positionD) There is an overproduction of lacrimal gland fluidE) There is persistent constriction of the pupil to a smaller diameter than the pupil of the opposite eye57. Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by both rods and cones at their synapses withbipolar cells?A) AcetylcholineB) DopamineC) GlutamateD) GlycineE) Serotonin58. Olfactory information transmitted to the orbitofrontal cortex passes through which thalamic nucleus?A) DorsomedialB) Lateral geniculateC) Medial geniculateD) Ventral posterolateralE) Ventral posteromedial59. Which of the following provides about two thirds of the 59 diopters of refractive power of the eye?A) Anterior surface of the corneaB) Anterior surface of the lensC) IrisD) Posterior surface of the corneaE) Posterior surface of the lens60. Transmission of visual signals to the primary visual cortex from the retina includes a synapse inwhich structure?A) Lateral geniculate nucleusB) Medial geniculate nucleusC) Pretectal nucleusD) Superior colliculusE) Suprachiasmatic nucleus61. Which of the following statements regarding retinal ganglion cells is correct?A) One W ganglion cell from the periphery of the retina typically transmits information from onerodB) One X ganglion cell from the fovea typically transmits information from as many as 200 conesC) W ganglion cells respond best to directional movement or vision under very bright conditionsD) X ganglion cells respond best to color images and are the most numerous of the three types ofganglion cellsE) Y ganglion cells respond best to rapid changes in the visual image and are the most numerous ofthe three types of ganglion cells62. Auditory information is relayed through which thalamic nucleus?A) Dorsomedial nucleusB) Lateral geniculate nucleusC) Medial geniculate nucleus D) Ventral posterolateral nucleusE) Ventral posteromedial nucleus63. The phenomenon of taste preference isA) a central nervous system processB) the result of neonatal stimulation of circumvallate papillaC) a learned behavior in animalsD) a result of taste bud maturationE) a result of taste bud proliferation following exposure to glutamic acid64. Of the photoreceptors listed below which one responds to the broadest spectrum of wavelengths oflight?A) Rod receptorsB) Green cone receptorsC) Blue cone receptorsD) Red cone receptorsE) Cells containing melanin in the pigment layer65. Which of the following structures secretes the intraocular fluid of the eye?A) Ciliary processesB) CorneaC) IrisD) LensE) Trabeculae66. Which type of papillae is located in the posterior part of the tongue?A) CircumvallateB) FoliateC) FungiformD) Fungiform and circumvallateE) Papilla of Vater67. Which structure functions to ensure that each of the three sets of extraocular muscles is reciprocallyinnervated so that one muscle of the pair relaxes while the other contracts?A) Edinger-Westphal nucleusB) Medial
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