The load resistance in a circuit is the effective resistance of all ofthe circuit elements excluding the emf source. In energy terms,it can be used to determine the energy delivered to the load byelectrical transmission and there appearing as internal energyto raise the temperature of the resistor. The internal resistanceof a battery represents the limitation on the efficiency of thechemical reaction that takes place in the battery to supplycurrent to the load. The emf of the battery represents itsconversion of chemical energy into energy which it puts out byelectric transmission; the battery also creates internal energywithin itself, in an amount that can be computed from itsinternal resistance. We model the internal resistance asconstant for a given battery, but it may increase greatly as thebattery ages. It may increase somewhat with increasing currentdemand by the load. For a load described by Ohm’s law, theload resistance is a precisely fixed value.
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