The theory behind credit rationing can be used to show thatincreases in interest rates can be one factor that helps precipitatefinancial instability. If market interest rates are driven up sufficiently,there is a higher probability that lenders will lend to bad creditrisks, those with the riskiest investment projects, because goodcredit risks are less likely to want to borrow while bad credit risksare still willing to borrow. Because of the resulting increase inadverse selection, lenders will want to make fewer loans, possiblyleading to a steep decline in lending that will lead to a substantialdecline in investment and aggregate economic activity. Indeed,theoretically, a small rise in the riskless interest rate can sometimeslead to a very large decrease in lending and even a possible collapsein the loan market.
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