“Body Shapes” was a precursor to The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors and Exercise in the Late Nine-teenth Century in which I illustrated how biological determinism was a pernicious ideology that established and reproduced gender divisions in sport and society, and showed how the medical profession was instrumental in its application. Not only male doctors, but early pioneering female doctors, a
group one might have expected to dissent from male views, were shown to
uphold basic Victorian stereotypes about female health and exercise. In an
extended (and to me, a particularly intriguing) study of female resistance,
I analyzed Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s lifelong preoccupation with physical
fitness and personal freedom and the frustrations of her inability to realize
ideals of physical emancipation.
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