Speaking was the most difficult skill based on some observations. Students facedsome obstacles, which came from internal problems, such as anxiety, worried aboutmaking mistakes and lack of self confident, and external ones: lack of speakingpractice and input from receptive materials – listening and reading. Their problemsinfluence their listening and speaking performance that will be explained in the nextsub chapter. However, in fact, most of activities and materials were not designed tosupport both speaking and listening. Listening and speaking influences each other asthe more students get input from listening, the richer the knowledge they acquire thenthe more fluent they become.In order to be able to demonstrate comprehensible meaning, students need to getrelevant and meaningful input either from listening or reading so that they acquire notonly full understanding of the messages being spoken but also the model tocommunicate them in the appropriate speaking context. Rivers (1996, 196) in Osada(2004, 55) says “Speaking does not of itself constitute communication unless what isbeing said is comprehended by another person”. One investigation from Dupuy(1999) in Nation (2009) about “narrow listening” – an approach based on Krashen’sidea, reported improvements in students listening comprehension, fluency, andvocabulary as well as increased confidence in French. The improvements wereresulted from listening as many times as they wish to a range of 1 – 2 minute aural
texts on a range of familiar and interesting topics. Hence, the points that should be
taken into account are the integration of listening (meaning-focused input) and
speaking (meaning-focused output) and language-focused learning such as the
language features: pronunciation, spelling, vocabularies, grammar and discourse
(Nation and Newton, 2009). Consequently, the design is not only focus on increasing
the frequency of listening and speaking practice but also integrating the material and
activities, both listening and speaking of the given texts.
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