Hilbert Curve
1. Introduction
Moving objects are changing their locations over
time in Spatio-temporal databases. The moving
objects report their location to the server through
devices. Spatiotemporal access methods are into four
categories: (1) Indexing the past data (2) Indexing the
current data (3) Indexing the future data and (4)
Indexing data at all points of time. All the above
categories are having set of indexing structure
algorithms [1, 2, 3, 6, 13]. The server stores all
updates from the moving objects. Some algorithms
are answering queries about the past [4, 5, 9, 10,15]
information only. Some applications need to know
current locations of moving objects only. This case,
the server may only store the current status of the
moving objects. In one case Moving Object
Detection Algorithm Based on Variance Analysis
[16]. To predict future positions of moving objects,
the spatio-temporal database server may need to store
additional information, e.g., the objects’ speed [8,
17]. A large number of spatio-temporal index
structures have been proposed to support spatiotemporal queries efficiently [12, 13]. This paper is
based on the source paper [6]. This proposed
algorithm reduces the migration process, so the total
performance is better than BBx index structure.
2. Related work
[
The BBx index Structure
The BB
x
index is the extension of B
x
tree
index [7]. The B
x
tree index support only for
the present and future positions, but in BB
x
index [6] it extend to the past information
also. The BB
x
-index consists of nodes that
consist of entries, each of which is of the
form (x _rep; tstart; tend; pointer.) For leaf
nodes, pointer points to the objects with the
equivalent x_rep, where x_rep is obtained
from the space-filling curve; tstart indicate
the time when the object was inserted into
the database (matching to the tu in the
description of the B
x
-tree), and tend indicate
the time that the position was deleted,
updated, or migrated (migration pass on to
the update of a position done by the system
automatically). For non-leaf nodes, pointer
K Appathurai et al ,Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 3 (2), 779-784 779 ISSN:2229-6093
points to a (child) node at the next level of
the index: tstart and tend are the minimum
and maximum tstart and tend values of all
the entries in the child node, respectively. In
addition, each node contains a pointer to its
right sibling to facilitate query processing.
Unlike the B
x
-tree, the BB
x
-index is a group
of trees, with each tree having an associated
timestamp signature tsg and a lifespan (see
Figure 3). The timestamp signature parallels
the value tlab from the B
x
-tree and is
obtained by partitioning the time axis in the
same way as for the B
x
-tree. The lifespan of
each tree corresponds to the minimum and
maximum life spans of objects indexed in
the tree. The roots of the trees are stored in
an array, and they can be accessed
efficiently according to their lifespan. This
array is relatively small and can usually be
stored in main memory. In query processing
based on the timestamp signature it expand
either backward for past information and
expand forward for future information.
3. Statement of Problem
In BB
x
index structure in certain cases half
objects are updated and half objects are
forced to update. This causes more work to
the entire process and automatically it take
more time for indexing and it take more
memory space. In addition, in tree the node
insertion, deletion also complex process
when the number of moving objects is high.
4.Proposed Algorithm
The main aim of the proposed algorithm is
to decreases the complexity of BB
x
index
structure. Besides the overall performance of
the proposed algorithm is good than BB
x
index about 40%. The proposed algorithm is
called OBB
x
-index (Optimized Broad B
x
).
The scalability is considered as twice for the
better result. The scalability is try to make it
as thrice or fours the total performance is not
good, because the depth of the tree is more
so the searching time is high while the nodes
are inserted or deleted. So, the scalability is
make it as twice we get the optimum result
and the performance also good than BB
x
. It
is proved by MATLAB implementation.
The OBB
x
-index the nodes consist of the
form (x _rep; tstart; tend; pointer.) where
x_rep is nothing but one dimensional data
obtained from the space-filling curve; tstart
denotes the time when the object was
inserted into the database and tend denotes
the time that the position was deleted,
updated, or migrated (migration refers to the
update of a location done by the system).
tstart and tend are the minimum and
maximum tstart and tend values of all the
entries in the child node, respectively. In
addition, each node contains a pointer to its
right sibling to facilitate query processing.
The OBB
x
-index is a forest of trees, with
each tree having an associated timestamp
signature tsg and a lifespan. The timestamp
signature parallels the value tlab from the
B
x
-tree and is obtained by partitioning the
time axis in the same way as for the B
x
-tree.
The lifespan of each tree corresponds to the
minimum and maximum life spans of
objects indexed in the tree. The roots of the
trees are stored in an array, and they can be
accessed efficiently according to their
lifespan. This array is fairly small and can
usually be stored in main memory. Initially
the maximum update interval is found out
among all the moving objects. Objects
inserted between timestamps 0 and 0:5tmu
are stored in tree T1 with their positions as
of time 0:5tmu; those inserted between
timestamp 0:5tmu and tmu are stored in tree
T2 with their positions as of time tmu; and
so on. Each tree has a maximum lifespan:
T1’s lifespan is from 0 to 1:5tmu because
objects are inserted starting at timestamp 0
and because those inserted at timestamp
0:5tmu may be alive throughout the
maximum update interval tmu, which is thus
until 1:5tmu; the same applies to the other
trees.
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