the economies of the highly industrialized nations of the world are based in large part on energy and chemicals produced from petroleum. although the most important abd versatile intermediates for convertion of petro;eum yo chemicals are compounds with double or triple bonds, it also is possible to prepare many valuable subtances by SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF ALKANES. In such substitutions, a hydrogen is removed from a carbon chain and another atom or group of atoms becomes attached in its place.a simple example of a substitution reaction is the formation of chloro-methane from methane and chlorine :
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