INTRODUCTION InmanyEuropeancountrie

INTRODUCTION
InmanyEuropeancountries,thegeneralapproachtowardsgroundwaterprotection
employssometypeofzoningsystem,eitherbasedontravel-timeortravel-distance
contours,oracombinationofboth.IntheFederalRepublicofGermanythesystem
comprisesfourprotectionzones,characterizedbyvariousrestrictionsonactivities
potentiallythreateningthegroundwaterquality.Theextentofthefourprotection
zonesi sdefinedasfollows:
(a)ZONEI:coverstheimmediatewellheadarea;
(b)ZONEII:coverstheareawithinthe50daystravel-timecontour;
(c)ZONEIlia:coverstheareawithina2kmradiusaroundtheabstractionpoint;
(d)ZONEIllb:coverstheentirecatchmentarea.
ThepresentedcasestudyreferstoaplannedwellfieldintheRhinevalleynear
thecityofKarlsruhe.Theprojectobjectivesarethepredictionofthelocaland
regionalgroundwaterleveldeclineandthedelineationofprotectionZONEII.
Theprincipalaquiferconsistsofapproximately50msandandgravel(OKL,
UKL)withsomeinterbeddedsiltlayers(OZH).Theareaofinvestigationisbound
totheeastbytheBlackForestcrystallinerocksandtothewestbytheriverRhine
(Fig.la) .
THEREGIONALMODEL
Duet oseveralnon-hydrogeologicalconstraints(e.g.availableopenland,distanceto
thecity,distancetotheRhinefloodplainsetc.)thelocationoftheplanned
waterworkswasfixedapriori.
Ahorizontal,two-dimensionalfinite-elementmodelwasdevelopedtodescribe
thepresentregionalgroundwaterflowpatterninthemodelarea,i.e.priortothe
anticipatedabstraction.Tofacilitatesubsequentlocalscaleinvestigations,afinemesh
witha100mspacingwasusedwithinadistanceofabout3kmaroundthefuture
waterworks(Fig.lb).Theregionalmodelwascarefullycalibratedonamonthlybase

INTRODUCTION 
InmanyEuropeancountries,thegeneralapproachtowardsgroundwaterprotection 
employssometypeofzoningsystem,eitherbasedontravel-timeortravel-distance 
contours,oracombinationofboth.IntheFederalRepublicofGermanythesystem 
comprisesfourprotectionzones,characterizedbyvariousrestrictionsonactivities 
potentiallythreateningthegroundwaterquality.Theextentofthefourprotection 
zonesi sdefinedasfollows: 
(a)ZONEI:coverstheimmediatewellheadarea; 
(b)ZONEII:coverstheareawithinthe50daystravel-timecontour; 
(c)ZONEIlia:coverstheareawithina2kmradiusaroundtheabstractionpoint; 
(d)ZONEIllb:coverstheentirecatchmentarea. 
ThepresentedcasestudyreferstoaplannedwellfieldintheRhinevalleynear 
thecityofKarlsruhe.Theprojectobjectivesarethepredictionofthelocaland 
regionalgroundwaterleveldeclineandthedelineationofprotectionZONEII. 
Theprincipalaquiferconsistsofapproximately50msandandgravel(OKL, 
UKL)withsomeinterbeddedsiltlayers(OZH).Theareaofinvestigationisbound 
totheeastbytheBlackForestcrystallinerocksandtothewestbytheriverRhine 
(Fig.la) . 
THEREGIONALMODEL 
Duet oseveralnon-hydrogeologicalconstraints(e.g.availableopenland,distanceto 
thecity,distancetotheRhinefloodplainsetc.)thelocationoftheplanned 
waterworkswasfixedapriori. 
Ahorizontal,two-dimensionalfinite-elementmodelwasdevelopedtodescribe 
thepresentregionalgroundwaterflowpatterninthemodelarea,i.e.priortothe 
anticipatedabstraction.Tofacilitatesubsequentlocalscaleinvestigations,afinemesh 
witha100mspacingwasusedwithinadistanceofabout3kmaroundthefuture 
waterworks(Fig.lb).Theregionalmodelwascarefullycalibratedonamonthlybase

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GIỚI THIỆU InmanyEuropeancountries, thegeneralapproachtowardsgroundwaterprotection employssometypeofzoningsystem, eitherbasedontravel-timeortravel-khoảng cách đường nét, oracombinationofboth. IntheFederalRepublicofGermanythesystem comprisesfourprotectionzones, characterizedbyvariousrestrictionsonactivities potentiallythreateningthegroundwaterquality. Theextentofthefourprotection zonesi sdefinedasfollows: (a) ZONEI:coverstheimmediatewellheadarea; (b) ZONEII:coverstheareawithinthe50daystravel-timecontour; (c) ZONEIlia:coverstheareawithina2kmradiusaroundtheabstractionpoint; (d) ZONEIllb:coverstheentirecatchmentarea. ThepresentedcasestudyreferstoaplannedwellfieldintheRhinevalleynear thecityofKarlsruhe.Theprojectobjectivesarethepredictionofthelocaland regionalgroundwaterleveldeclineandthedelineationofprotectionZONEII. Theprincipalaquiferconsistsofapproximately50msandandgravel(OKL, UKL)withsomeinterbeddedsiltlayers(OZH). Theareaofinvestigationisbound totheeastbytheBlackForestcrystallinerocksandtothewestbytheriverRhine (Fig.la). THEREGIONALMODEL Song ca oseveralnon-hydrogeologicalconstraints (e.g.availableopenland,distanceto TheCity, distancetotheRhinefloodplainsetc.) thelocationoftheplanned waterworkswasfixedapriori. Ahorizontal, 2-dimensionalfinite-elementmodelwasdevelopedtodescribe thepresentregionalgroundwaterflowpatterninthemodelarea,i.e.priortothe anticipatedabstraction. Tofacilitatesubsequentlocalscaleinvestigations, afinemesh witha100mspacingwasusedwithinadistanceofabout3kmaroundthefuture Waterworks(fig.lb). Theregionalmodelwascarefullycalibratedonamonthlybase

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INTRODUCTION
InmanyEuropeancountries,thegeneralapproachtowardsgroundwaterprotection
employssometypeofzoningsystem,eitherbasedontravel-timeortravel-distance
contours,oracombinationofboth.IntheFederalRepublicofGermanythesystem
comprisesfourprotectionzones,characterizedbyvariousrestrictionsonactivities
potentiallythreateningthegroundwaterquality.Theextentofthefourprotection
zonesi sdefinedasfollows:
(a)ZONEI:coverstheimmediatewellheadarea;
(b)ZONEII:coverstheareawithinthe50daystravel-timecontour;
(c)ZONEIlia:coverstheareawithina2kmradiusaroundtheabstractionpoint;
(d)ZONEIllb:coverstheentirecatchmentarea.
ThepresentedcasestudyreferstoaplannedwellfieldintheRhinevalleynear
thecityofKarlsruhe.Theprojectobjectivesarethepredictionofthelocaland
regionalgroundwaterleveldeclineandthedelineationofprotectionZONEII.
Theprincipalaquiferconsistsofapproximately50msandandgravel(OKL,
UKL)withsomeinterbeddedsiltlayers(OZH).Theareaofinvestigationisbound
totheeastbytheBlackForestcrystallinerocksandtothewestbytheriverRhine
(Fig.la) .
THEREGIONALMODEL
Duet oseveralnon-hydrogeologicalconstraints(egavailableopenland,distanceto
thecity,distancetotheRhinefloodplainsetc.)thelocationoftheplanned
waterworkswasfixedapriori.
Ahorizontal,two-dimensionalfinite-elementmodelwasdevelopedtodescribe
thepresentregionalgroundwaterflowpatterninthemodelarea,iepriortothe
anticipatedabstraction.Tofacilitatesubsequentlocalscaleinvestigations,afinemesh
witha100mspacingwasusedwithinadistanceofabout3kmaroundthefuture
waterworks(Fig.lb).Theregionalmodelwascarefullycalibratedonamonthlybase

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