The official mapping agency in the UK is the Ordnance Survey. As the name suggests, its origin was military. The 1745 Scottish Rebellion brought home to the government the need for detailed maps identifying which roads and bridges were capable of taking artillery and this resulted in the mapping of the Scotland Highlands by William Roy. Roy’s proposals to extend mapping to the whole of the country were not acted upon. Threat of invasion by France after 1791 led to large scale mapping of the southern England coastal counties using a new Ramsden theodolite. Large scale civilian mapping began in 1841 when the Ordnance Survey was granted the right to enter land and the map boundaries. Before this date many private maps had been produced but the spur to public mapping was the realisation that urbanisation and the new transport and other networks that resulted required accurate large scale maps. By 1895 it had completed the mapping of the country at a scale of 25 inches to one mile.
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