environmental, security, and safety [2]. As a result of these improvements, the following benefits are expected: (1) areduction of the rate and length of outages; (2) a reductionin the number of disruptions due to power quality issues;(3) lower electricity bills; (4) lower operation and maintenance costs; (5) better asset utilization; (6) lower CO2emissions due to the deployment of electric vehicles; (7)an increase in physical security as well as cyber-securityin the whole power grid systems; and (8) an increase inthe safety from electricity hazards.An important part of the motivation for the SG is to beable to provide built-in two-way flow of informationamong different components, a feature lacking in thecurrent power grid. Current systems that are based onSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) aremostly used in control centers for monitoring the powergrid components and provide communications among
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