MBBRs have been applied for organic matter removal (Rusten et al, 1995). The process quickly degrades biodegradable, soluble organic matter. It is reported by Odegaard et al. (1994) that particulate organic matter is partly trapped in biofilm, hydrolyzed and utilized although the hydrolyzed fraction is not significant compared to the readily soluble biodegradable organic matter utilized in the process. Part of the particulate organic matter passed through the reactor unchanged. Figure 1.2(a) for BOD5 removal shows provision of a clarifier downstream of the MBBR reactor to separate suspended solids in the effluent stream for each of the flow configurations..MBBRs have been used to upgrade existing activated sludge (AS) systems. In one example, the MBBR was proposed to replace a pretreatment system composed of biological filters and humus tank (Sunner et al., 1999). The effluent from the MBBR was fed directly into the AS reactor without an intermediate settling tank. It was anticipated that the sludge age of the AS could be influenced by the solids from the MBBR effluent. Additionally, it was reported that the direct feed improved the settling properties of solids in the secondary clarifiers.
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