and the character of the primary co

and the character of the primary coil, determined in part
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the lost inventions of Nikola Tesla
by the length of its winding. Now when all these primary-circuit components are tuned to work in
harmony with each other, and the circuit's resulting frequency is right for plucking the secondary in a
compatible rhythmic manner, the secondary becomes at its terminal end maximally excited and
develops huge electrical potentials, which if not put to work, boil off as a corona of bluish light or as
sparks and streamers that jump to nearby conductors with crackling reports.
Unlike the conventional iron-core step-up transformer, whose core has the effect of damping
vibrations, the secondary of the Tesla transformer is relatively free to swing unchecked. The pulsing
from the primary coil has the effect of pushing a child in a swing. If it's done in a rhythmic manner at
just the right moment at the end of a cycle, the swing will oscillate up to great heights. Similarly, with
the right timing, the electrical vibration of the secondary can be made to swing up to tremendous
amplitudes, voltages in the millions. This is the power of resonance.
Manmade earthquake
Tesla was fascinated with the power of resonance and experimented with it not only electrically but on
the mechanical plane as well. In his Manhattan lab he built mechanical vibrators and tested their
powers. One experiment got out of hand.
Tesla attached a powerful little vibrator driven by compressed air to a steel pillar. Leaving it there, he
went about his business. Meanwhile, down the street, a violent quaking built up, shaking down plaster,
bursting plumbing, cracking widows, and breaking heavy machinery off its anchorage. Tesla's vibrator
had found the resonant frequency of a deep sandy layer of subsoil beneath his building, setting up an
earthquake.
Soon Tesla's own building began to quake, and, just at the moment the police burst into the lab, Tesla
was seen smashing the device with a sledgehammer, the only way he could promptly stop it. In a
similar experiment, on an evening walk through the city, Tesla attached a battery-powered vibrator,
described as being the size of an alarm clock, to the steel framework of a building under construction
and, adjusting it to a suitable frequency, set the structure into resonant vibration. The structure shook,
and so did the earth under his feet.
Later Tesla boasted that he could shake down the Empire State Building with such a device, and, as if
this claim were not extravagant enough, he went on to state that a large-scale resonant vibration was
capable of splitting the Earth in half. No details of Tesla's vibrators are available, but they probably
resembled one of Tesla's reciprocating engines (such as Patent No. 511,916). These exploited the
elasticity of gases, just as his electrical vibrators, like the Tesla coil, exploit the elasticity of the electric
medium.
A new power system
Tesla invented his resonant transformer, as the Tesla coil is sometimes called, to power a new type of
high-frequency lighting system, as his 1891 patent drawing shows. This was the first Tesla coil patent.
There followed a series of other patents developing the device. All of these are for bipolar coils: both
ends of the secondary are connected to the working circuit (usually lamps), as opposed to the mono
http://www.frank.germano.com/lostinventions.htm (7 of 28)2004/11/22 09:47:22 AM
the lost inventions of Nikola Tesla
polar format favored by today's basement builders in which the top is connected to a ball or other
terminal capacitor, the bottom to ground. The mono polar format emerges later in patents for radio and
wireless power, including Tesla's magnifying transmitter.
The 1896 patent drawing shows an evolved bipolar coil using tandem chokes to store energy for
sudden release into the capacitor, enabling the device to be powered by relatively modest inputs.
Chokes are coils wound on iron cores. They store energy as magnetism. When the charging current is
interrupted, the magnetic field collapses inducing current in the coils, which rushes in to charge the
capacitors.
Superconductivity
Alternating currents can be sent over long distances with relatively low losses. This is why Tesla's
early 60-cycle system triumphed over Edison's direct current. The high frequency, high-potential output
of a Tesla coil can travel over relatively light conductors for vastly greater distances than conventional
60-cycle AC Losses occur to some degree from corona discharge but hardly at all from ohmic
resistance. This type of current also renders conductive materials that are normally nonconductive,
rarefied gases, for example. You might say these currents make a medium superconductive.
Although super-magnetism is not in the picture because high-frequency vibrations would be severely
damped by an electromagnet's iron core, it is revealing to reflect upon the unexploited
superconductivity of Tesla energy these days when science is congratulating itself on new advances in
the field. Prior to recent breakthroughs, superconductivity and super magnetism were low-temperature
(cryogenic) phenomena, occurring when circuits were cooled down to near absolute zero. The new
superconductivity at less drastically reduced temperatures developed out of the cryogenic work of the
last twenty years, and this may be in debt to Tesla, who patented a similar idea way back in 1901.
Tesla's patent shows that the deep cooling of conductors with agents like liquid air results in an
extraordinary magnification of the oscillation in the resonating circuit. Imagine the performance of a
super cooled Tesla coil. No electrocution. Since we tend to associate high voltage with possibly fatal
electric shock it may be puzzling to learn that the output of a well-tuned Tesla coil, though in the
millions of volts, is harmless. This is customarily thought to be because the amperage is low (it's not)
or it's explained in terms of something called the skin effect, which means that the current travels over
you instead of through. But the real reason is a matter of human frequency response. Just as your ears
cannot respond to vibrations over about 30,000 cycles, or the eyes to light vibrations at or above ultra
violet, your nervous system cannot be shocked by frequencies over about 2,000 cycles.
Electrotherapy
Now that you know it's harmless, would you believe these currents are even good for you? Fact is that
a whole branch of medicine was founded on the healing effects of certain Tesla coil frequencies. Tesla
understood the therapeutic value of high-frequency vibrations. He never patented in the area but did
announce his findings to the medical community, and a number of devices were patented and
marketed by others.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

và các ký tự của các cuộn dây chính xác định một phầnhttp://www.Frank.Germano.com/lostinventions.htm (6 / 28) năm 2004/11/22 09:47:22 AMnhững phát minh bị mất của Nikola Teslatheo chiều dài của nó quanh co. Bây giờ khi tất cả các thành phần tiểu mạch được điều chỉnh để làm việc trongsự hòa hợp với nhau, và tần số kết quả của vi mạch là phù hợp với tuốt thứ cấp trong mộttương thích nhịp điệu cách, thứ cấp trở thành ở cuối thiết bị đầu cuối của nó tối đa vui mừng vàphát triển tiềm năng điện rất lớn, mà nếu không đặt để làm việc, đun sôi ra như là một corona ánh sáng xanh nhạt hoặc làtia lửa và streamers nhảy để các dây dẫn gần đó với kêu báo cáo.Không giống như biến áp step-up lõi sắt thông thường, có cốt lõi có tác dụng daorung động, thứ cấp của máy biến áp Tesla là tương đối tự do để swing đánh dấu. Các pulsingtừ các cuộn dây chính có tác dụng đẩy một đứa trẻ trong một swing. Nếu nó được thực hiện một cách nhịp điệu tạichỉ cần vào đúng thời điểm cuối của một chu kỳ, swing sẽ dao động lên đến tuyệt vời heights. Tương tự, vớithời gian thích hợp, những rung động điện của thứ cấp có thể được thực hiện để swing đến to lớnamplitudes, điện áp trong hàng triệu. Điều này là sức mạnh của cộng hưởng.Trận động đất nhân tạoTesla đã thích thú với sức mạnh của cộng hưởng và thử nghiệm với nó không chỉ điện nhưng trênmáy bay cơ khí là tốt. Trong phòng thí nghiệm Manhattan của mình ông máy rung cơ khí xây dựng và thử nghiệm của họpowers. One experiment got out of hand.Tesla attached a powerful little vibrator driven by compressed air to a steel pillar. Leaving it there, hewent about his business. Meanwhile, down the street, a violent quaking built up, shaking down plaster,bursting plumbing, cracking widows, and breaking heavy machinery off its anchorage. Tesla's vibratorhad found the resonant frequency of a deep sandy layer of subsoil beneath his building, setting up anearthquake.Soon Tesla's own building began to quake, and, just at the moment the police burst into the lab, Teslawas seen smashing the device with a sledgehammer, the only way he could promptly stop it. In asimilar experiment, on an evening walk through the city, Tesla attached a battery-powered vibrator,described as being the size of an alarm clock, to the steel framework of a building under constructionand, adjusting it to a suitable frequency, set the structure into resonant vibration. The structure shook,and so did the earth under his feet.Later Tesla boasted that he could shake down the Empire State Building with such a device, and, as ifthis claim were not extravagant enough, he went on to state that a large-scale resonant vibration wascapable of splitting the Earth in half. No details of Tesla's vibrators are available, but they probablyresembled one of Tesla's reciprocating engines (such as Patent No. 511,916). These exploited theelasticity of gases, just as his electrical vibrators, like the Tesla coil, exploit the elasticity of the electricmedium.A new power systemTesla invented his resonant transformer, as the Tesla coil is sometimes called, to power a new type ofhigh-frequency lighting system, as his 1891 patent drawing shows. This was the first Tesla coil patent.There followed a series of other patents developing the device. All of these are for bipolar coils: bothends of the secondary are connected to the working circuit (usually lamps), as opposed to the monohttp://www.frank.germano.com/lostinventions.htm (7 of 28)2004/11/22 09:47:22 AMthe lost inventions of Nikola Teslapolar format favored by today's basement builders in which the top is connected to a ball or otherterminal capacitor, the bottom to ground. The mono polar format emerges later in patents for radio andwireless power, including Tesla's magnifying transmitter.The 1896 patent drawing shows an evolved bipolar coil using tandem chokes to store energy forsudden release into the capacitor, enabling the device to be powered by relatively modest inputs.Chokes are coils wound on iron cores. They store energy as magnetism. When the charging current isinterrupted, the magnetic field collapses inducing current in the coils, which rushes in to charge thecapacitors.SuperconductivityAlternating currents can be sent over long distances with relatively low losses. This is why Tesla'searly 60-cycle system triumphed over Edison's direct current. The high frequency, high-potential outputof a Tesla coil can travel over relatively light conductors for vastly greater distances than conventional60-cycle AC Losses occur to some degree from corona discharge but hardly at all from ohmicresistance. This type of current also renders conductive materials that are normally nonconductive,rarefied gases, for example. You might say these currents make a medium superconductive.Although super-magnetism is not in the picture because high-frequency vibrations would be severelydamped by an electromagnet's iron core, it is revealing to reflect upon the unexploitedsuperconductivity of Tesla energy these days when science is congratulating itself on new advances inthe field. Prior to recent breakthroughs, superconductivity and super magnetism were low-temperature(cryogenic) phenomena, occurring when circuits were cooled down to near absolute zero. The newsuperconductivity at less drastically reduced temperatures developed out of the cryogenic work of thelast twenty years, and this may be in debt to Tesla, who patented a similar idea way back in 1901.Tesla's patent shows that the deep cooling of conductors with agents like liquid air results in anextraordinary magnification of the oscillation in the resonating circuit. Imagine the performance of asuper cooled Tesla coil. No electrocution. Since we tend to associate high voltage with possibly fatalelectric shock it may be puzzling to learn that the output of a well-tuned Tesla coil, though in themillions of volts, is harmless. This is customarily thought to be because the amperage is low (it's not)or it's explained in terms of something called the skin effect, which means that the current travels overyou instead of through. But the real reason is a matter of human frequency response. Just as your earscannot respond to vibrations over about 30,000 cycles, or the eyes to light vibrations at or above ultraviolet, your nervous system cannot be shocked by frequencies over about 2,000 cycles.ElectrotherapyNow that you know it's harmless, would you believe these currents are even good for you? Fact is thata whole branch of medicine was founded on the healing effects of certain Tesla coil frequencies. Teslaunderstood the therapeutic value of high-frequency vibrations. He never patented in the area but didannounce his findings to the medical community, and a number of devices were patented andmarketed by others.